Weakening of the cognition and height association from 1957 to 2018: Findings from four British birth cohort studies.
Weakening of the cognition and height association from 1957 to 2018: Findings from four British birth cohort studies.
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DOI：
10.7554/elife.81099
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发表时间：
2023-04-06
期刊：
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Moulton V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bann D;Wright L;Davies NM;Moulton V
人们一再发现，个子较高的人在认知评估中得分较高。最近的研究表明，这种关联可以用遗传因素来解释，但这并不排除环境或社会因素的影响，这些因素可能会随着时间的推移而改变。因此，我们使用四个英国出生队列（出生于1946年，1958年，1970年和2001年）的数据来测试这种关联是否随时间而变化。在每个队列中，通过语言推理、词汇/理解和数学测试测量身高和认知;年龄为10/11岁和14/17岁（N= 41，418）。我们分别在每个队列和每个认知测试中检查了每个年龄段的身高和认知之间的关联。使用线性和分位数回归模型。高个子参与者在儿童和青少年时期的平均认知评估得分较高，但在后来（1970年和2001年）的队列中，这种关联较弱。例如，在1946年队列中，10/11岁时最高和最低言语认知评分的身高平均差异为0.57 SD（95% CI = 0.44-0.70），而在2001年队列中为0.30 SD（0.23-0.37）。换句话说，相关性从0.17（0.15-0.20）降至0.08（0.06-0.10）。在所有年龄段和使用的认知测量中观察到这种关联变化模式，对社会阶层和父母身高的调整以及合理的非随机失踪场景的建模是稳健的。分位数回归分析表明，这些差异是由身高低百分位数的差异造成的，环境影响可能最大。从1957年到2018年，儿童-青少年时期身高与认知评估分数之间的关联大大减弱。这些结果支持了环境和社会变化可以显着削弱认知和其他特征之间的关联的观点。DB得到经济和社会研究理事会的支助（赠款编号ES/M001660/1）; DB和LW得到医学研究理事会的支助（MR/V002147/1）。医学研究理事会（MRC）和布里斯托大学支持MRC综合流行病学部门[MC_UU_00011/1]。国家导弹防御系统得到挪威研究理事会第295989号赠款的支助。VM得到了由经济和社会研究理事会（奖项参考：ES/K 000357/1）和经济和社会研究理事会（ES/M 001660/1）资助的CLOSER创新基金WP 19的支持。资助者在研究设计、数据收集和分析、出版决定或手稿编写中没有任何作用。
Taller individuals have been repeatedly found to have higher scores on cognitive assessments. Recent studies have suggested that this association can be explained by genetic factors, yet this does not preclude the influence of environmental or social factors that may change over time. We thus tested whether the association changed across time using data from four British birth cohorts (born in 1946, 1958, 1970, and 2001). In each cohort height was measured and cognition via verbal reasoning, vocabulary/comprehension, and mathematical tests; at ages 10/11 and 14/17 years (N=41,418). We examined associations between height and cognition at each age, separately in each cohort, and for each cognitive test administered. Linear and quantile regression models were used. Taller participants had higher mean cognitive assessment scores in childhood and adolescence, yet the associations were weaker in later (1970 and 2001) cohorts. For example, the mean difference in height comparing the highest with lowest verbal cognition scores at 10/11 years was 0.57 SD (95% CI = 0.44–0.70) in the 1946 cohort, yet 0.30 SD (0.23–0.37) in the 2001 cohort. Expressed alternatively, there was a reduction in correlation from 0.17 (0.15–0.20) to 0.08 (0.06–0.10). This pattern of change in the association was observed across all ages and cognition measures used, was robust to adjustment for social class and parental height, and modeling of plausible missing-not-at-random scenarios. Quantile regression analyses suggested that these differences were driven by differences in the lower centiles of height, where environmental influence may be greatest. Associations between height and cognitive assessment scores in childhood-adolescence substantially weakened from 1957–2018. These results support the notion that environmental and social change can markedly weaken associations between cognition and other traits. DB is supported by the Economic and Social Research Council (grant number ES/M001660/1); DB and LW by the Medical Research Council (MR/V002147/1). The Medical Research Council (MRC) and the University of Bristol support the MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit [MC_UU_00011/1]. NMD is supported by an Norwegian Research Council Grant number 295989. VM is supported by the CLOSER Innovation Fund WP19 which is funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (award reference: ES/K000357/1) and Economic and Social Research Council (ES/M001660/1). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.