Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings: On the Importance of the Catalyst Quantity Descriptors, mol % and ppm.

Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings: On the Importance of the Catalyst Quantity Descriptors, mol % and ppm.
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DOI:
10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00051
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发表时间:
2022-08-19
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
Fairlamb, Ian J. S.
Fairlamb, Ian J. S.
中科院分区:
化学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Horbaczewskyj, Christopher S.;Fairlamb, Ian J. S.

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本综述研究了催化交叉偶联反应中的百万分率 (ppm) 钯浓度及其与摩尔百分比 (mol %) 的关系。催化交叉偶联化学的大多数研究历史上都集中在(前)催化剂和限制试剂(底物)之间的浓度比,以 mol% 表示。最近的几篇论文概述了使用“ppm 级”钯作为描述催化交叉偶联反应系统的替代方法。这促使我们更深入地研究文献,以评估“ppm 级”钯是否是钯催化交叉偶联反应中催化剂数量的实际有用的描述符。事实上,我们推测许多反应可能在不知不觉中使用了低“ppm 水平”的钯(预)催化剂,并且一般来说,在大量交叉偶联化学文献中报道的一系列研究中,ppm 钯的分布情况会是什么样子。在一些选定的例子中,我们研究了其他金属催化剂体系,以与钯进行比较。
This Review examines parts per million (ppm) palladium concentrations in catalytic cross-coupling reactions and their relationship with mole percentage (mol %). Most studies in catalytic cross-coupling chemistry have historically focused on the concentration ratio between (pre)catalyst and the limiting reagent (substrate), expressed as mol %. Several recent papers have outlined the use of “ppm level” palladium as an alternative means of describing catalytic cross-coupling reaction systems. This led us to delve deeper into the literature to assess whether “ppm level” palladium is a practically useful descriptor of catalyst quantities in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Indeed, we conjectured that many reactions could, unknowingly, have employed low “ppm levels” of palladium (pre)catalyst, and generally, what would the spread of ppm palladium look like across a selection of studies reported across the vast array of the cross-coupling chemistry literature. In a few selected examples, we have examined other metal catalyst systems for comparison with palladium.
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