A survey of the induced seismic responses to fluid injection in geothermal and CO2 reservoirs in Europe
A survey of the induced seismic responses to fluid injection in geothermal and CO2 reservoirs in Europe
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DOI：
10.1016/j.geothermics.2011.08.002
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Moia, Fabio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Evans, Keith F.;Zappone, Alba;Moia, Fabio
该文件记录了41个欧洲案例，描述了结晶岩和沉积岩对流体注入的孕震反应。这是一项正在进行的研究的一部分，目的是确定与流体注入有关的地震危险有关的因素。这些数据普遍支持这样一种观点，即沉积岩中的注入往往比结晶岩中的注入更少发震。在这两种情况下，威尔斯井附近存在断层，使压力能够垂直和横向穿透相当长的距离，预计这会增加产生有感事件的风险。所有注入结晶岩的情况下都会产生地震事件，尽管通常是非破坏性的震级，并且发现所有结晶岩体都受到临界应力，而不管它们对注入的孕震响应的强度如何。因此，这些数据表明，应力的临界状态虽然是产生会干扰当地居民（或被当地居民感受到）的地震的必要条件，但并不是一个充分条件。这里考虑的数据并不完全符合注入到更深的结晶地层往往会产生更大幅度的事件的概念。数据太少，无法评估深度和注入流体量对最大地震规模的综合影响。在自然地震活动性低的场地进行注射，其定义是期望当地峰值地面加速度在50年内超过0.07 g的可能性小于10%，但未产生感觉事件。虽然数据库是有限的，这表明，低天然地震活动，对应的危害水平为0.07克或以下，可能是一个有用的指标，低倾向的流体注入产生的感觉或破坏性的事件。然而，较高的值并不一定意味着高倾向。(C)2011爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
The paper documents 41 European case histories that describe the seismogenic response of crystalline and sedimentary rocks to fluid injection. It is part of an on-going study to identify factors that have a bearing on the seismic hazard associated with fluid injection. The data generally support the view that injection in sedimentary rocks tends to be less seismogenic than in crystalline rocks. In both cases, the presence of faults near the wells that allow pressures to penetrate significant distances vertically and laterally can be expected to increase the risk of producing felt events. All cases of injection into crystalline rocks produce seismic events, albeit usually of non-damaging magnitudes, and all crystalline rock masses were found to be critically stressed, regardless of the strength of their seismogenic responses to injection. Thus, these data suggest that criticality of stress, whilst a necessary condition for producing earthquakes that would disturb (or be felt by) the local population, is not a sufficient condition. The data considered here are not fully consistent with the concept that injection into deeper crystalline formations tends to produce larger magnitude events. The data are too few to evaluate the combined effect of depth and injected fluid volume on the size of the largest events. Injection at sites with low natural seismicity, defined by the expectation that the local peak ground acceleration has less than a 10% chance of exceeding 0.07 g in 50 years, has not produced felt events. Although the database is limited, this suggests that low natural seismicity, corresponding to hazard levels at or below 0.07 g, may be a useful indicator of a low propensity for fluid injection to produce felt or damaging events. However, higher values do not necessarily imply a high propensity. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.