Rat Model of Meniere's Attack: Intratympanic Injection of Potassium Chloride Produces Direction-Changing Spontaneous Nystagmus and Hearing Fluctuations
Rat Model of Meniere's Attack: Intratympanic Injection of Potassium Chloride Produces Direction-Changing Spontaneous Nystagmus and Hearing Fluctuations
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DOI：
10.1159/000502275
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发表时间：
2019-11-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Shimada, Shoichi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kamakura, Takefumi;Kitahara, Tadashi;Shimada, Shoichi
梅尼埃病的主要症状是阵发性眩晕、波动性听力损失和耳鸣。方向改变自发性眼球震颤是梅尼埃病的特征性前庭表现。急性期常出现向患侧跳动的自发性眼球震颤（刺激性眼球震颤），而慢性期则出现向健侧跳动的麻痹性眼球震颤。通过增加外淋巴中的钾离子浓度，可以在豚鼠中重现这种方向改变的眼球震颤。本研究的目的是检查增加大鼠外淋巴液钾离子浓度对听力和眼球震颤的影响。异氟烷麻醉下，22只大鼠鼓室内注射不同浓度的氯化钾（KCl）溶液或蒸馏水：第1、2、3和4组分别接受饱和（3.4 M）KCl溶液、2 M KCl、1 M KCl和蒸馏水。监测眼球震颤方向和每15秒的次数150分钟。在另外 8 只大鼠中，鼓室内注射 2 M KCl（第 5 组）或蒸馏水（第 6 组）后 30 分钟和 20 小时，使用听觉脑干反应监测听力。第1组和第2组的大鼠表现出自发性刺激性眼球震颤向受影响的耳朵跳动，随后麻痹性眼球震颤向对侧跳动。第3组出现刺激性眼球震颤，但很少观察到麻痹性眼球震颤。第4组的大鼠没有表现出眼球震颤。第 5 组的大鼠在注射 KCl 后 30 分钟表现出明显的听力损伤，并在 20 小时后恢复。第 6 组中的对照动物的听力没有显着变化。将钾注射到大鼠鼓室中引起的可逆性听力损伤并伴有方向改变的自发性眼球震颤，与急性梅尼埃病发作时观察到的情况非常相似。该大鼠模型可用于研究梅尼埃病发作的病理生理机制的基础研究。
The major symptoms of Meniere's disease are episodic vertigo, fluctuating hearing loss, and tinnitus. Direction-changing spontaneous nystagmus is a characteristic vestibular finding in Meniere's disease. In the acute stage, spontaneous nystagmus beating to the affected side (irritative nystagmus) is often observed, while paralytic nystagmus beating to the healthy side is found in the chronic stage. This direction-changing nystagmus can be reproduced in guinea pigs by increasing the potassium ion concentration in the perilymph. The objectives of the present study were to examine the effects of increasing the potassium ion concentration of the rat perilymph on hearing and nystagmus. Under isoflurane anesthesia, 22 rats received intratympanic injection of different concentrations of potassium chloride (KCl) solution or distilled water: groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 received saturated (3.4 M) KCl solution, 2 M KCl, 1 M KCl, and distilled water, respectively. The nystagmus direction and number per 15 s were monitored for 150 min. In the other 8 rats, hearing was monitored 30 min and 20 h after intratympanic injection of 2 M KCl (group 5) or distilled water (group 6) using the auditory brainstem responses. Rats in groups 1 and 2 showed spontaneous irritative nystagmus beating to the affected ear followed by paralytic nystagmus beating to the contralateral side. In group 3, irritative nystagmus occurred but paralytic nystagmus was rarely observed. Rats in group 4 showed no nystagmus. Rats in group 5 showed significant hearing impairment 30 min after KCl injection that recovered 20 h later. Control animals in group 6 showed no significant changes in hearing. The reversible hearing impairment with direction-changing spontaneous nystagmus induced by potassium injection into the tympanic cavity in rats was quite similar to that observed in acute Meniere's attacks. This rat model could be used for basic research investigating the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying Meniere's attacks.