A commentary on climate change, stone decay dynamics and the 'greening' of natural stone buildings: new perspectives on 'deep wetting'
A commentary on climate change, stone decay dynamics and the 'greening' of natural stone buildings: new perspectives on 'deep wetting'
复制标题
对气候变化、石材腐烂动力学和天然石材建筑“绿化”的评论：“深度润湿”的新视角
DOI：
10.1007/s12665-010-0766-1
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Smith B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smith B
由于气候变化，对石材腐烂过程的环境控制正在迅速变化。UKCP09对2020年代(2010-2039年)的预测表明，英国大部分地区的降水季节性将会增加。夏季的干燥和冬季的潮湿都将增加，后者与秋季和春季的预计降水量增加有关。如果是这样的话，这可能会增加石头结构保持潮湿的时间，可能还会增加湿气渗透的深度，而且北爱尔兰的建筑石头似乎已经通过藻类变绿的发生率增加而做出了回应。这篇论文强调了通过对主要是砂岩结构的一系列研究来理解气候变化影响的必要性。因此，目前和预测的气候趋势被认为具有美学、物理和化学影响，目前没有纳入我们的砂岩腐烂模型，特别是关于深层湿润对砂岩退化和腐烂进程所起的作用以及与例如表面藻类生长相关的反馈。特别是，藻类生物膜将有助于保持水分，并进一步促进水分和溶解盐分向深处渗透。因此，虽然石材的外表面可能继续经历与个别降水事件相关的频繁湿/干，但后者不太可能是完整的，并且建筑积木的内部可能只经历季节性循环的湿/干。更深的盐分渗透可能会延缓地表退化的开始，但一旦开始腐化，就会更快、更有效地消退，因为腐化机制“进入了深层盐层”。
Environmental controls on stone decay processes are rapidly changing as a result of changing climate. UKCP09 projections for the 2020s (2010–2039) indicate that over much of the UK seasonality of precipitation will increase. Summer dryness and winter wetness are both set to increase, the latter linked to projected precipitation increases in autumn and spring months. If so, this could increase the time that stone structures remain wet and possibly the depth of moisture penetration, and it appears that building stone in Northern Ireland has already responded through an increased incidence of algal ‘greening’. This paper highlights the need for understanding the effects of climate change through a series of studies of largely sandstone structures. Current and projected climatic trends are therefore considered to have aesthetic, physical and chemical implications that are not currently built into our models of sandstone decay, especially with respect to the role played by deep-seated wetness on sandstone deterioration and decay progression and the feedbacks associated with, for example surface algal growth. In particular, it is proposed that algal biofilms will aid moisture retention and further facilitate moisture and dissolved salt penetration to depth. Thus, whilst the outer surface of stone may continue to experience frequent wetting and drying associated with individual precipitation events, the latter is less likely to be complete, and the interiors of building blocks may only experience wetting/drying in response to seasonal cycling. A possible consequence of deeper salt penetration could be a delay in the onset of surface deterioration, but more rapid and effective retreat once it commences as decay mechanisms ‘tap into a reservoir of deep salt’.