Brazilian Soybean Production: Emergy Analysis With an Expanded Scope
Brazilian Soybean Production: Emergy Analysis With an Expanded Scope
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DOI：
10.1177/0270467605278367
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发表时间：
2005-08
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
E. Ortega;O. Cavalett;R. Bonifácio;M. Watanabe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Ortega;O. Cavalett;R. Bonifácio;M. Watanabe
本文提供了能值分析的结果，用于评估四种不同的大豆生产系统在巴西，分为两大类：生物模式（有机和生态农场）和工业模式（绿色革命化学农场和除草剂与免耕农场）。生物模型显示出更好的环境、经济和社会绩效指标;然而，在国家一级，关于转基因大豆种子释放的讨论只考虑工业模型，而没有提及生物模型。经典的能值分析表明，生物选择是更好的选择，但没有解释为什么巴西农民和政府的决定是反对这些选择。提出了新的研究，以确定和量化的外部力量，强烈干扰大豆生产的公共政策的定义。提出了新的参数来丰富能值方法：在能值计算中考虑了每种投入的可再生性，并将负外部性作为附加服务。
This article offers the results of emergy analysis used to evaluate four different soybean production systems in Brazil that were divided into two main categories: biological models (organic and ecological farms) and industrial models (green-revolution chemical farms and herbicide with no-tillage farms). The biological models show better environmental, economical, and social performance indicators; however, at the national level, discussion of transgenic soybean seed release considers only industrial models without any mention of biological models. Classic emergy analysis shows biological options are the better alternatives but does not explain why decisions taken by farmers and government in Brazil were in opposition to these options. New research is proposed to identify and quantify the external forces that strongly interfere in the definition of public policy for soybean production. New parameters are proposed to enrich emergy methodology: Renewability of each input was considered in emergy calculations and negative externalities were included as additional services.