Plasmodium berghei induced priming in Anopheles albimanus independently of bacterial co-infection
Plasmodium berghei induced priming in Anopheles albimanus independently of bacterial co-infection
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DOI：
10.1016/j.dci.2015.05.004
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发表时间：
2015-10-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Lanz-Mendoza, Humberto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Contreras-Garduno, Jorge;Carmen Rodriguez, Maria;Lanz-Mendoza, Humberto
无脊椎动物的启动是指由于之前接触过亚致死剂量的同一生物体而获得的更好地对抗病原体的能力。它被认为在功能上类似于脊椎动物的免疫记忆。先前对冈比亚按蚊的研究提供了证据，表明对疟原虫伯氏疟原虫第二次攻击的抑制反应是由中肠细菌持续激活血细胞造成的。这些细菌可能在第一次流产感染期间通过侵入中肠的寄生虫产生的损伤进入血淋巴。由于蚊子对中肠细菌和疟原虫的免疫反应重叠，因此很难确定每种细菌的启动反应。我们在此记录了在无菌 An 中诱导的启动。 albimanus midgut by P. berghei, 可能独立于中肠细菌诱导的免疫反应。 Pbs 25-28 敲除寄生虫（入侵蚊子中肠的能力受损）和死亡动动动物的实验进一步证明了这一想法。针对伯氏疟原虫同源攻击的启动保护可持续长达 12 天。与未引发的蚊子相比，5-溴-2'-脱氧尿苷更多地掺入中肠细胞核（表明无有丝分裂的 DNA 合成），并且 hnt（中肠细胞内周期所需的基因）转录增加，表明内复制是引发的潜在机制。此外，与抗疟原虫反应相关的 hnt 和抗菌肽（attacin、天蚕素和甘比星）的转录在启动 An 后在双相反应中增强，而不是持续反应。 albimanus 与 P. berghei。 (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Priming in invertebrates is the acquired capacity to better combat a pathogen due to a previous exposure to sub-lethal doses of the same organism. It is proposed to be functionally analogous to immune memory in vertebrates. Previous studies with Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes provide evidence that the inhibitory response to a second challenge by the malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei resulted from a sustained activation of hemocytes by midgut bacteria. These bacteria probably accessed the hemolymph during a first aborted infection through lesions produced by parasites invading the midgut. Since the mosquito immune responses to midgut bacteria and Plasmodium overlap, it is difficult to determine the priming responses of each. We herein document priming induced in the aseptic An. albimanus midgut by P. berghei, probably independent of the immune response induced by midgut bacteria. This idea is further evidenced by experiments with Pbs 25-28 knock out parasites (having an impaired capacity for invading the mosquito midgut) and dead ookinetes. Priming protection against a homologous challenge with P. berghei lasted up to 12 days. There was greater incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine into midgut cell nuclei (indicative of DNA synthesis without mitosis) and increased transcription of hnt (a gene required for the endocycle of midgut cells) in primed versus unprimed mosquitoes, suggesting that endoreplication was the underlying mechanism of priming. Moreover, the transcription of hnt and antimicrobial peptides related to an anti-Plasmodium response (attacin, cecropin and gambicin) was enhanced in a biphasic rather than sustained response after priming An. albimanus with P. berghei. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.