Adaptation of the hindlimbs for climbing in bears
Adaptation of the hindlimbs for climbing in bears
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aanat.2004.10.001
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发表时间：
2005-04-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Yamada, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sasaki, M;Endo, H;Yamada, J
马来亚马来熊（Helarctos malayanus）、北极熊（Ursus maritimus）、棕熊（Ursus arctos）和大熊猫（Ailuropodo melanoleuca）的后肢已经进行了解剖学和骨计量学研究。马来亚马来熊和大熊猫的胫骨肌颅骨肌直到胫骨的远端都有发达而丰富的肉质部分。然而，在北极熊和棕熊中，胫骨颅骨肌的肉质部分直到胫骨的远端才发育出来。马来熊和大熊猫的胫骨肌颅肌肌腱位于跖骨近端，比北极熊和棕熊短。此外，在马来亚马来熊和大熊猫中，与北极熊和棕熊相比，杨氏分枝杆菌附着在胫骨的远端。稳定的脚的背屈和旋后以及有效的脚前旋对熟练的爬树很重要。本研究表明马来亚马来熊和大熊猫的后肢特别适应爬树，其发育良好的胫骨A颅肌的肉质部分到达胫骨远端，其短肌腱，和A腘肌插入胫骨远端附近。©2005 Elsevier GmbH版权所有。
The hindlimbs of the Malayan sun bear (Helarctos malayanus), the polar bear (Ursus maritimus), the brown bear (Ursus arctos) and the giant panda (Ailuropodo melanoleuca) have been anatomically and osteometrically studied. The Musculus tibialis cranialis of the Malayan sun bear and the giant panda possessed a well-developed rich fleshy portion until the distal end of the tibia. In the polar bear and the brown bear, however, the fleshy portion of the M. tibialis cranialis was not developed until the distal, end of the tibia. The tendon of the M. tibialis cranialis inserting on the proximal end of the Ossa metatarsalia was shorter in the Malayan sun bear and the giant panda than in the polar bear and the brown bear. In the Malayan sun bear and the giant panda, moreover, the M. popliteus was attached more distally to the tibia than in the polar bear and the brown bear. The stable dorsiflexion and supination of the foot and the efficient pronation of the crus are important for skillful tree climbing. The present study suggests that the Malayan sun bear and the giant panda have hindlimbs especially adapted to tree climbing by the well-developed fleshy portion of the A tibialis cranialis reaching the distal end of the tibia, its short tendon, and the A popliteus inserting near the distal end of the tibia. © 2005 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.