Bacterial Community Structure in the Hindgut of Wild and Captive Dugongs (Dugong dugon)
Bacterial Community Structure in the Hindgut of Wild and Captive Dugongs (Dugong dugon)
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DOI：
10.1578/am.38.4.2012.402
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Klieve, Athol V.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Eigeland, Karen A.;Lanyon, Janet M.;Klieve, Athol V.
儒艮（Dugong dugon）是海洋哺乳动物，通过海草的后肠发酵获得营养，然而，负责的微生物尚未确定。本研究采用变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）和454-焦磷酸测序技术对野生儒艮后肠细菌群落进行了分析。粪便样品从32个野生儒艮代表四个大小/成熟度类，和两个圈养儒艮饲养的cos莴苣进行了DGGE筛选。野生儒艮幼仔后肠细菌的部分16 SrRNA基因图谱聚在一起，与亚成体和成体不同。野生和圈养儒艮后肠细菌群落之间的显着差异也观察到，除了一个单一的俘虏，其配置文件类似于野生成年人后，不成功的重新引入野外。两种野生儒艮后肠群落的焦磷酸测序证实了细菌种群的稳定性，厚壁菌门（平均75.6%的操作分类单位[OTU]）和拟杆菌门（19.9%的OTU）占主导地位。优势菌属为罗斯拜瑞氏菌属、梭菌属和拟杆菌属。野生儒艮后肠微生物组成和多样性受个体发育和可能的饮食影响。在圈养儒艮中，在野生儒艮中鉴定的优势细菌DNA条带的缺乏可能取决于流行的饮食和其他圈养条件，如使用抗生素。这项研究代表了一个新的微生物生态系统的表征的第一步-海洋后肠的Sirenia。
Dugongs (Dugong dugon) are marine mammals that obtain nutrients through hindgut fermentation of seagrass, however, the microbes responsible have not been identified. This study used denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and 454-pyrosequencing to profile hindgut bacterial communities in wild dugongs. Faecal samples obtained from 32 wild dugongs representing four size/maturity classes, and two captive dugongs fed on cos lettuce were screened using DGGE. Partial 16S rRNA gene profiles of hindgut bacteria from wild dugong calves and juveniles were grouped together and were different to those in subadults and adults. Marked differences between hindgut bacterial communities of wild and captive dugongs were also observed, except for a single captive whose profile resembled wild adults following an unsuccessful reintroduction to the wild. Pyrosequencing of hindgut communities in two wild dugongs confirmed the stability of bacterial populations, and Firmicutes (average 75.6% of Operational Taxonomic Units [OTUs]) and Bacteroidetes (19.9% of OTUs) dominated. Dominant genera were Roseburia, Clostridium, and Bacteroides. Hindgut microbial composition and diversity in wild dugongs is affected by ontogeny and probably diet. In captive dugongs, the absence of the dominant bacterial DNA bands identified in wild dugongs is probably dependent upon prevailing diet and other captive conditions such as the use of antibiotics. This study represents a first step in the characterisation of a novel microbial ecosystem-the marine hindgut of Sirenia.