How chimpanzees solve collective action problems
How chimpanzees solve collective action problems
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2012.1948
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发表时间：
2012-12
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Anna-Claire Schneider;A. Melis;Michael Tomasello
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Anna-Claire Schneider;A. Melis;Michael Tomasello
我们向一小群黑猩猩提供了两种集体行动情景，在这两种情景中，行动是必要的，以获得奖励，但由于可能搭便车，个人的行动受到了抑制。我们发现，在群体规模较小的简单情景(实验1)中，等级和行动之间存在正向关系，更具支配性的个人自愿更频繁地采取行动，特别是当奖励较少分散时。社会容忍似乎也是行动的中介，群体内较高的容忍水平导致较低级别的个人有时会采取行动并分享更多的奖励。在更复杂的情况下，当小组规模较大且需要合作时(实验2)，克服问题更具挑战性。不同个体以及两个个体之间的行动速率存在非常显著的差异，这表明成功更多地受到个体个性和群体中存在的人际关系的影响。
We presented small groups of chimpanzees with two collective action situations, in which action was necessary for reward but there was a disincentive for individuals to act owing to the possibility of free-riding on the efforts of others. We found that in simpler scenarios (experiment 1) in which group size was small, there was a positive relationship between rank and action with more dominant individuals volunteering to act more often, particularly when the reward was less dispersed. Social tolerance also seemed to mediate action whereby higher tolerance levels within a group resulted in individuals of lower ranks sometimes acting and appropriating more of the reward. In more complex scenarios, when group size was larger and cooperation was necessary (experiment 2), overcoming the problem was more challenging. There was highly significant variability in the action rates of different individuals as well as between dyads, suggesting success was more greatly influenced by the individual personalities and personal relationships present in the group.