Erica excelsa as a fire-tolerating component of Mt. Kilimanjaro's forests
Erica excelsa as a fire-tolerating component of Mt. Kilimanjaro's forests
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艾丽卡 (Erica) 是乞力马扎罗山森林的耐火成分
DOI：
10.1127/phyto/31/2001/449
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
E. Beck
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Hemp;E. Beck
采用 Bn¡ ur-Brerqunr (1964) 的方法，在 407 个样地对乞力马扎罗山南坡的海拔和生态分布进行了研究。埃里卡（Erica）在海拔1600至3500米之间的海拔范围内表现出色，在干燥的山脊以及河流甚至沼泽森林中都可以找到它。乞力马扎罗山的上层林线以艾丽卡·埃切哈 (Erica exceha) 纯林为代表，覆盖了亚高山地区的大片区域。然而，这种树也是山地混交林的组成部分，偏爱上部山地地带，其次是下部山地地带。然而，在中部山区，埃丽卡·埃克斯萨（Erica excelsa）非常罕见。 Pod 之间的边界。以 arpus latifulius 为主的山地森林和以 Erica exebd 为主的亚高山森林非常锋利，可能是火灾的结果。发芽后，艾丽卡会通过重新发芽而不是种子来定期再生。 Vhether 和 Pod 所在的位置。因此，高山地区的奥卡普斯森林被埃里卡森林取代主要是火灾强度和频率的问题。因此，对光要求较高的Erica excelsa的生活策略和竞争优势显然是基于其对火的耐受性。因此，乞力马扎罗山南坡森林线上部的位置似乎是火灾造成的，而不是气候因素造成的。过去几年发生的异常灾难性火灾使现有的上层林线下降了约 30 摄氏度，米，要恢复原来的林线需要几十年的不受干扰的生长。
The altitudinal and ecological distribution ol Erica excelsa ot the southern slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro was studied at 407 sampling plots, using the method of Bn¡ ur-Brerqunr (1964). Erica excelsa ocans in the altirudinal range between 1600 and 3500m where it was found on dry ridges as well as in riverine and even swampy forests. On Mt. Kilimanjaro the upper tree line is represented by pure stands of Erica exceha, which cover large areas of the subalpine zone. However, this tree is also a component of the montane mixed forests with a preference of the upper, and to a lesser degree of the lower montane zone. Hov¡ ever, in the central montane zone Erica excelsa is very rare. The boundary between the Pod. ocarpus latifulius-dominated montane forests and the Erica excebd-domlnated subalpine forests is very sharp and presumably a result of fire. After a Êire, Erica excelsa regenerates regularly by resprouting rather thân from seeds. Vhether and where the Pod. ocarpøs forests of the upper montane zone are thus replaced by an Erica forest is mainly a question of intensity and frequency of fire. The life strategy and competitive strength of the light-demanding Erica excelsa is thus obviously based on its tolerance of fire. The location of the upper forest line on the south slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro therefore appears as a result of fire rather than of climatic factors. Unusually disastrous fires during the last years pushed the extant upper forest line downhill by approximately 30C, m and recovery of the former tree line would require several decades of undisrurbed growth.