Evaluation of entomopathogenic fungi as potential biological control agents of the dengue mosquito, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)
Evaluation of entomopathogenic fungi as potential biological control agents of the dengue mosquito, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)
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DOI：
10.1080/09583157.2011.597913
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Thomas, Matthew B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Darbro, Jonathan M.;Graham, Robert I.;Thomas, Matthew B.
登革热是一个全球性的健康问题。主要蚊媒埃及伊蚊对杀虫剂的抗药性日益增强，限制了病媒控制的有效性，因此迫切需要替代工具。一种方法是使用包含昆虫病原真菌，例如，例如，在一个实施例中，白僵菌和绿僵菌。这些真菌可能通过减少蚊子媒介寿命来减少疾病传播，并且在世界范围内也发生，尽管许多分离株尚未进行针对蚊子的毒力测试。93个昆虫病原真菌分离物代表6个种（B. bassiana，M. anisopliae，玫烟色棒束孢Isaria fumosorosea，I.法里诺萨岛flavovirescens和蜡蚧属（Lecanicillium spp.）作为埃及伊蚊的潜在生物防治剂。一个分层的，多标准的实验设计进行，以找到合适的菌株。通过测量径向生长和孢子持久性的体外测定进行初步筛选，消除在营养丰富的基质上生长或生存力差的分离物。随后对孢子持久性的测量显示，在30个测试菌株中，只有9个菌株的半衰期超过3周。选择10个分离株进行抗Ae成虫的体内生物测定。埃及人。从这些试验中，两个澳大利亚分离的B。巴西那，FI-277和FI-278，似乎是最有希望的。这两个分离株被证明是对Ae的毒力。在20，26和32摄氏度下的埃及。发现手动将孢子散布到基质上比喷雾更有效。AE.发现被棉花基质上人工传播的孢子感染的埃及伊蚊的LT 50为3.7 +/-0.3天。这些特征表明，FI-277有希望作为登革热蚊子生物控制剂，无论是单独或与常规化学杀虫剂组合。
Dengue is a global health concern. Growing insecticide resistance in the primary mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti, limits the effectiveness of vector control, so alternative tools are urgently needed. One approach is the use of biopesticides comprising entomopathogenic fungi, e. g., Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae. These fungi may decrease disease transmission by reducing mosquito vector longevity and also occur worldwide, although many isolates have not been tested for virulence against mosquitoes. Ninety-three isolates of entomopathogenic fungi representing six species (B. bassiana, M. anisopliae, Isaria fumosorosea, I. farinosa, I. flavovirescens, and Lecanicillium spp.) were screened as potential biological control agents of Aedes aegypti. A hierarchical, multi-criteria experimental design was undertaken to find suitable isolates. Initial screening was performed via in vitro assays measuring radial growth and spore persistence, eliminating isolates with poor growth or viability on nutrient-rich substrate. Subsequent measurements of spore persistence revealed that only nine of 30 strains tested had half-lives exceeding 3 weeks. Ten isolates were chosen for in vivo bioassays against adult Ae. aegypti. From these assays, two Australian isolates of B. bassiana, FI-277 and FI-278, appeared to be most promising. Both isolates were shown to be virulent against Ae. aegypti at 20, 26, and 32 degrees C. Spreading spores manually onto substrate was found to be more efficacious than spraying. Ae. aegypti infected by manually-spread spores on cotton substrate were found to have an LT50 of 3.7 +/- 0.3 days. These characteristics suggest that FI-277 has promise as a dengue mosquito biocontrol agent, either alone or combined with conventional chemical insecticides.