EMERGY-based environmental systems assessment of a multi-purpose temperate mixed-forest watershed of the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA.
EMERGY-based environmental systems assessment of a multi-purpose temperate mixed-forest watershed of the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jenvman.2003.08.002
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发表时间：
2003-11
影响因子：
8.7
通讯作者：
D. Tilley;W. Swank
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Tilley;W. Swank
能值（与'M'）合成被用来评估自然和人类之间的平衡和美国林务局的生态系统管理示范项目的葡萄酒泉溪流域，高海拔（1600米），温带森林位于南阿巴拉契亚山脉的北卡罗来纳州，美国的森林成果之间的公平。EM包含一个整体的观点，占多个时间和空间尺度的森林过程和公共互动，以平衡生态，经济和社会对土地资源的需求。能值合成是一种建模工具，它允许森林生态系统的结构和功能以通用单位（太阳能-焦耳，sej）进行量化，以便进行简单和有意义的比较，确定基于开发和维持它们所需的资源量的强迫因素，组件和过程的“系统价值”，无论它们是金钱，材料，能源还是信息。环境负荷率（ELR）为0.42，表明自然环境负荷不具有生态破坏性，但存在增加非生态活动的过剩生态容量（例如，树木、娱乐），以实现1.0的ELR（完美的生态-经济平衡）。三个森林成果选择代表三个类别的理想的可持续性（生态，经济和社会）进行了评估，在他们的太阳能流，以衡量结果的公平性。直接经济贡献（224× 1012太阳能-焦耳（sej）ha−1）比生态和社会贡献（分别为3083和2102× 1012 sejha −1）低一个数量级。能值综合被证明是一个耦合的自然-人类系统的整体整合和量化的相互联系，使生态平衡和结果公平的目标进行定量测量。
Emergy (with an ‘m’) synthesis was used to assess the balance between nature and humanity and the equity among forest outcomes of a US Forest Service ecosystem management demonstration project on the Wine Spring Creek watershed, a high-elevation (1600 m), temperate forest located in the southern Appalachian mountains of North Carolina, USA. EM embraces a holistic perspective, accounting for the multiple temporal and spatial scales of forest processes and public interactions, to balance the ecological, economic, and social demands placed on land resources. Emergy synthesis is a modeling tool that allows the structure and function of forest ecosystems to be quantified in common units (solar emergy-joules, sej) for easy and meaningful comparison, determining ‘system-value’ for forcing factors, components, and processes based on the amount of resources required to develop and sustain them, whether they are money, material, energy, or information. The Environmental Loading Ratio (ELR), the units of solar emergy imported into the watershed via human control per unit of indigenous, natural solar emergy, was determined to be 0.42, indicating that the load on the natural environment was not ecologically damaging and that excess ecological capacity existed for increasing non-ecological activities (e.g. timbering, recreation) to achieve an ELR of 1.0 (perfect ecological–economic balance). Three forest outcomes selected to represent the three categories of desired sustainability (ecological, economic, and social) were evaluated in terms of their solar emergy flow to measure outcome equity. Direct economic contribution was an order of magnitude less (224×1012solar emergy-joules (sej) ha−1) than the ecological and social contributions, which were provided at annual rates of 3083 and 2102×1012sejha−1, respectively. Emergy synthesis was demonstrated to holistically integrate and quantify the interconnections of a coupled nature-human system allowing the goals of ecological balance and outcome equity to be measured quantitatively.