Oxygen reactions of the copper oxidases.

Oxygen reactions of the copper oxidases.
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铜氧化酶的氧反应。

DOI:
10.1042/bse0340155
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发表时间:
1999
期刊:
Essays in biochemistry.
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Whittaker,JW
Whittaker,JW
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Whittaker,JW

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25 亿年前,含氧光合作用的出现导致了地球化学成分的巨大变化,将一种简单的分子 (O2) 引入到了大气中。由于这种单一的生物创新,海洋生锈,在海洋边缘产生大量的铁层,所有生命都被迫适应新的氧化环境[1]。随着时间的推移,分子氧已成为生物化学的中心分子之一,定义了生态边界,驱动呼吸能量,并作为氧化剂参与各种代谢反应,从根本上改变了生命过程中的进程。双氧分子表面上的简单性是具有欺骗性的,事实上,它的许多反应非常复杂。然而,氧化还原化学的一个基本主题可以在 O2 的生物化学中得到认识。电子的添加(还原)可在氧合反应中激活分子氧,其中氧原子被插入分子框架中,O2 对电子的异常高亲和力使氧能够在有氧代谢中充当末端电子受体。在其他反应中,O2 的部分还原(例如,通过铜氧化酶;见下文)提供了过氧化氢的生物来源,过氧化氢是一种参与多种细胞过程的多功能氧化剂,包括细胞间信号传导和发病机制。氧的氧化还原化学显然是理解 O2 在生物化学中多种作用的关键。
The emergence of oxygenic photosynthesis over 2.5 billion years ago led to dramatic changes in the chemistry of our planet with the introduction of a simple molecule (O2) into the atmosphere. As a consequence of this single biological innovation, the oceans rusted, producing vast iron formations on the sea margins, and all of life was forced to adapt to a new oxidizing environment [1]. In time, molecular oxygen has become one of the central molecules of biochemistry, defining ecological boundaries, driving the energetics of respiration and participating as an oxidant in a variety of metabolic reactions, fundamentally altering the course of life in the process. The apparent simplicity of the dioxygen molecule is deceptive, and many of its reactions are, in fact, extraordinarily complex. However, an underlying theme of oxidation–reduction chemistry can be recognized in the biochemistry of O2. Addition of electrons (reduction) serves to activate molecular oxygen in oxygenation reactions where oxygen atoms are inserted into a molecular framework, and the unusually high affinity of O2 for electrons allows oxygen to serve as a terminal electron acceptor in aerobic metabolism. In other reactions, the partial reduction of O2 (by copper oxidases, for example; see below) provides a biological source of hydrogen peroxide, a versatile oxidant involved in a variety of cellular processes, including intercellular signalling and pathogenesis. The redox chemistry of oxygen is clearly the key to understanding these many and varied roles of O2 in biochemistry.
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