Speaker overestimation of communication effectiveness and fear of negative evaluation: Being realistic is unrealistic
Speaker overestimation of communication effectiveness and fear of negative evaluation: Being realistic is unrealistic
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DOI：
10.3758/pbr.15.6.1160
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发表时间：
2008-12-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Winkler, Christopher
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fay, Nicolas;Page, Andrew C.;Winkler, Christopher
演讲者系统性地高估了自己的沟通效率（Keysar & Henly，2002）。我们认为，这样做是适应性的，减少了社交焦虑和退出社交场合的风险。这一假设进行了测试，有扬声器得分低和高的恐惧的负面评价（FNE），社交恐惧症的标志，试图传达一个具体的含义模糊的语句给听众，然后估计他们的沟通效果。低FNE扬声器一贯高估其有效性，期望听众理解他们的意图往往比听众实际做的。与此相反，高FNE扬声器的估计沟通效果与听众的实际理解是一致的。信号检测分析表明，低和高FNE扬声器同样能够区分通信成功失败，但低FNE扬声器表现出更强的积极响应的偏见。总之，高估自己的沟通效果是适应性的，而准确的估计与功能障碍有关。
Speakers systematically overestimate their communication effectiveness (Keysar & Henly, 2002). We argue that doing so is adaptive, reducing the risk of social anxiety and withdrawal from social situations. This hypothesis was tested by having speakers who scored low and high for fear of negative evaluation (FNE), a hallmark of social phobia, attempt to convey a specific meaning of ambiguous statements to a listener and then estimate their communication effectiveness. Low-FNE speakers consistently overestimated their effectiveness, expecting the listener to understand their intended meaning more often than listeners actually did. In contrast, high-FNE speakers' estimates of communication effectiveness were consistent with the listener's actual understanding. Signal detection analysis revealed that low- and high-FNE speakers were equally able to discriminate communication success from failure, but low-FNE speakers exhibited a stronger positive response bias. In conclusion, overestimating one's communication effectiveness is adaptive, and accurate estimation is associated with dysfunction.