Tests of the DRYAD theory of the age-related deficit in memory for context: not about context, and not about aging.
Tests of the DRYAD theory of the age-related deficit in memory for context: not about context, and not about aging.
复制标题
对与年龄相关的背景记忆缺陷的 DRYAD 理论的测试：与背景无关，也与衰老无关。
DOI：
10.1037/a0024786
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Johnson,Benjamin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Benjamin,AaronS;Diaz,Michael;Matzen,LauraE;Johnson,Benjamin
老年人表现出不成比例的赤字，他们的能力恢复上下文元素或源信息与刺激之前遇到的。最近的一个理论帐户，DRYAD，这种选择性赤字的原因是随着年龄的增长，在记忆保真度的整体下降，由弱的上下文信息的代表性。DRYAD的预测在三个实验中得到了验证。我们发现，与年龄相关的赤字获得任何方面的刺激受试者的注意力是直接从编码过程中（实验1），这表明在生产的背景下，与年龄相关的赤字的注意力的核心作用。我们还表明，一个类似的赤字，可以引起年轻的主题与操纵的学习时间（实验2），这表明，任何手段降低记忆保真度产生的相互作用的形式相同的年龄相关的影响。实验3验证了DRYAD的关键预测，即排除任务中的赞同概率应随记忆强度的变化而非单调变化。通过评估连续排除任务中遗忘函数的形状，证实了这一预测。研究结果与DRYAD对衰老和记忆判断的解释一致，但不支持人们普遍认为的衰老会选择性地破坏编码、存储或检索上下文信息的过程的观点。
Older adults exhibit a disproportionate deficit in their ability to recover contextual elements or source information about prior encounters with stimuli. A recent theoretical account, DRYAD, attributes this selective deficit to a global decrease in memory fidelity with age, moderated by weak representation of contextual information. The predictions of DRYAD are tested here in three experiments. We show that an age-related deficit obtains for whichever aspect of the stimulus subjects' attention is directed away from during encoding (Experiment 1), suggesting a central role for attention in producing the age-related deficit in context. We also show that an analogous deficit can be elicited within young subjects with a manipulation of study time (Experiment 2), suggesting that any means of reducing memory fidelity yields an interaction of the same form as the age-related effect. Experiment 3 evaluates the critical prediction of DRYAD that endorsement probability in an exclusion task should vary nonmonotonically with memory strength. This prediction was confirmed by assessing the shape of the forgetting function in a continuous exclusion task. The results are consistent with the DRYAD account of aging and memory judgments and do not support the widely held view that aging entails the selective disruption of processes involved in encoding, storing, or retrieving contextual information.