The endocannabinoid system and spermatogenesis.
The endocannabinoid system and spermatogenesis.
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DOI：
10.3389/fendo.2013.00192
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发表时间：
2013-12-16
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Geremia R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grimaldi P;Di Giacomo D;Geremia R
精子发生是一个复杂的过程，在这个过程中，雄性生殖细胞经历有丝分裂阶段，然后是减数分裂，然后是形成成熟精子的形态发生过程。精子发生受促性腺激素和类固醇激素的控制，并受自分泌和旁分泌因素的复杂网络调节。这些调节剂确保生殖细胞分化形成成熟精子的正确进程。最近，有人指出内源性大麻素作为男性生殖的关键调节剂的相关性。内源性大麻素是能够与大麻素受体结合的天然脂质，其水平由特定的生物合成和降解酶调节。它们与其受体和代谢酶一起形成了“内源性大麻素系统”（ECS）。在男性生殖道中，它们影响支持细胞活性、间质细胞增殖、生殖细胞分化、精子运动、获能和顶体反应。ECS干扰垂体-性腺轴，并且ECS与类固醇激素之间存在复杂的串扰。这篇综述将集中讨论ECS在精子发生控制中的作用以及ECS与类固醇激素之间的相互作用。
Spermatogenesis is a complex process in which male germ cells undergo a mitotic phase followed by meiosis and by a morphogenetic process to form mature spermatozoa. Spermatogenesis is under the control of gonadotropins, steroid hormones and it is modulated by a complex network of autocrine and paracrine factors. These modulators ensure the correct progression of germ cell differentiation to form mature spermatozoa. Recently, it has been pointed out the relevance of endocannabinoids as critical modulators of male reproduction. Endocannabinoids are natural lipids able to bind to cannabinoid receptors and whose levels are regulated by specific biosynthetic and degradative enzymes. Together with their receptors and metabolic enzymes, they form the “endocannabinoid system” (ECS). In male reproductive tracts, they affect Sertoli cell activities, Leydig cell proliferation, germ cell differentiation, sperm motility, capacitation, and acrosome reaction. The ECS interferes with the pituitary-gonadal axis, and an intricate crosstalk between ECS and steroid hormones has been highlighted. This mini-review will focus on the involvement of the ECS in the control of spermatogenesis and on the interaction between ECS and steroid hormones.