Assessment of human exposure to ambient particulate matter
Assessment of human exposure to ambient particulate matter
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DOI：
10.1080/10473289.1999.10463964
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发表时间：
1999-11-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Grant, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mage, D;Wilson, W;Grant, L
最近的流行病学研究一致表明，在历史空气污染事件中记录的高浓度环境颗粒物（PM）的急性死亡率效应也可能发生在现代城市地区发现的低至中等浓度的环境PM中。在1952年12月的伦敦，由于PM暴露而导致的意外死亡可以被验尸官识别并计数为整数。在现代，与PM相关的死亡无法轻易识别，只能通过使用复杂的统计过滤和空气质量和死亡率数据分析，将其推断为死亡率的部分平均每日增加。在这些较低的现代PM浓度下，暴露于环境PM和急性死亡率之间的因果关系受到质疑，因为人们认为环境PM浓度和测量的个人暴露于所有来源的PM之间在时间上几乎没有显著相关性（环境PM加上室内产生的PM）这篇文章表明，支持线性PM死亡率关系的关键因素是人们暴露于环境源PM的时间与测量的环境PM的预期高度相关性浓度，如流行病学时间序列研究中所用。室内和个人PM来源的存在掩盖了这种潜在的关系，导致科学文献中关于个人暴露于环境来源的PM和环境PM浓度之间强烈的潜在时间关系的混乱。作者表明，非环境来源的PM源独立于环境PM浓度，因此非环境PM的死亡率效应（如果有的话）必须独立于环境PM暴露的影响。
Recent epidemiological studies have consistently shown that the acute mortality effects of high concentrations of ambient particulate matter (PM), documented in historic air pollution episodes, may also be occurring at the low to moderate concentrations of ambient PM found in modern urban areas. In London in December 1952, the unexpected deaths due to PM exposure could be identified and counted as integers by the coroners. In modern times, the PM-related deaths cannot be as readily identified, and they can only be inferred as fractional average daily increases in mortality rates using sophisticated statistical filtering and analyses of the air quality and mortality data. The causality of the relationship between exposure to ambient PM and acute mortality at these lower modern PM concentrations has been questioned because of a perception that there is little significant correlation in time between the ambient PM concentrations and measured personal exposure to PM from all sources (ambient PM plus indoor-generated PM).This article shows that the critical factor supporting the plausibility of a linear PM mortality relationship is the expected high correlation in time of people's exposure to PM of ambient origin with measured ambient PM concentrations, as used in the epidemiological time series studies. The presence of indoor and personal sources of PM masks this underlying relationship, leading to confusion in the scientific literature about the strong underlying temporal relationship between personal exposure to PM of ambient origin and ambient PM concentration. The authors show that the sources of PM of non-ambient origin operate independently of the ambient PM concentrations, so that the mortality effect of non-ambient PM, if any, must be independent of the effects of the ambient PM exposures.