Ionizing Radiation Microbeam Facilities for Radiobiological Studies in Europe
Ionizing Radiation Microbeam Facilities for Radiobiological Studies in Europe
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DOI：
10.1269/jrr.08133s
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发表时间：
2009-03-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Gerardi, Silvia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gerardi, Silvia
过去 10-15 年中收集到的越来越多关于低剂量电离辐射的靶向和非靶向效应（超辐射敏感性、诱导辐射抗性、适应性反应、基因组不稳定性、旁观者效应）的实验证据推动放射生物学研究更好地理解这些现象背后的机制、它们在体内的活跃程度以及它们之间的相互关系。通过这种方式，可以获得因素并将其纳入对暴露于低水平电离辐射的人群的潜在癌症风险的估计中。已经开发并采用了不同的实验方法来研究这种体外效应（介质转移实验；低剂量的宽场照射以及插入或屏蔽系统......）。在这方面，电离辐射微束设施做出了重要贡献，这些设施成为强大的工具，可以以精确、确定和可重复的剂量（即，在带电粒子微束的情况下，粒子数量）对群体内的单个细胞进行选择性照射。在过去的 20 年里，微束在放射生物学应用中的使用大幅增加，并且提供 X 射线、电子、轻离子和重离子的此类设施的数量不断增加，在世界各地不断发展。如今，全球 30 多个微束设施中，仅欧洲就有 12 个已全面投入运行或正在开发中。本文概述并讨论了欧洲用于放射生物学研究的微束设施。
A growing body of experimental evidence gathered in the last 10-15 years with regard to targeted and non-targeted effects of low doses of ionizing radiation (hyper-radiosensitivity, induced radioresistance, adaptive response, genomic instability, bystander effects) has pushed the radiobiology research towards a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying these phenomena, the extent to which they are active in-vivo, and how they are inter-related. In such a way factors could be obtained and included in the estimation of potential cancer risk to the human Population of exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation. Different experimental approaches have been developed and employed to study such effects in-vitro (medium transfer experiments; broad-field irradiation at low doses also with insert or shielding systems...). In this regard, important contributions came from ionizing radiation microbeam facilities that turn to be powerful tools to perform selective irradiations of individual cells inside a population with an exact, defined and reproducible dose (i.e. number of particles, in case of charged particle microbeams). Over the last 20 years the use of microbeams for radiobiological applications increased substantially and a continuously growing number of such facilities, providing X-rays, electrons, light and heavy ions, has been developing all over the world. Nowadays, just in Europe there are 12 microbeam facilities fully-operational or under-development, out of more than 30 worldwide. An overview of the European microbeam facilities for radiobiological studies is presented and discussed in this paper.