Coevolution in multidimensional trait space favours escape from parasites and pathogens
Coevolution in multidimensional trait space favours escape from parasites and pathogens
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DOI：
10.1038/nature10853
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发表时间：
2012-03-15
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Jhwueng, Dwueng-Chwuan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gilman, R. Tucker;Nuismer, Scott L.;Jhwueng, Dwueng-Chwuan
几乎所有物种都受到寄生虫和病原体的持续攻击。由于寄生虫和病原体的世代时间往往较短(1,2)，并且由于相互作用而往往比受害者经历更强的选择(3,4)，因此人们经常认为它们应该进化得更快，从而在防御和反防御之间的进化竞赛中保持优势(1,5)。这一预测产生了一个明显的悖论：面对更快速进化的敌人的持续攻击，受害物种如何生存甚至繁衍生息(5)？一种可能的解释是，防御在生理、机械或行为上比攻击更容易，因此与寄生虫或病原体相比，受害者的进化受到的限制更少(6)。另一种可能的解释是，寄生虫和病原体本身也有敌人，而受害者物种之所以能够持续存在，是因为寄生虫和病原体受到自上而下的监管，因此通常对受害者群体只有适度的人口影响(7,8)。在这里，我们探讨了第三种可能性：受害者物种并不像传统观点认为的那样在进化上无能为力，而是具有独特的进化优势，有助于创造公平的竞争环境。我们使用定量遗传分析和基于个体的模拟来表明，当共同进化涉及宿主和寄生虫的多个特征时，受害者可以获得这样的优势。
Almost all species are subject to continuous attack by parasites and pathogens. Because parasites and pathogens tend to have shorter generation times(1,2) and often experience stronger selection due to interaction than their victims do(3,4), it is frequently argued that they should evolve more rapidly and thus maintain an advantage in the evolutionary race between defence and counter-defence(1,5). This prediction generates an apparent paradox: how do victim species survive and even thrive in the face of a continuous onslaught of more rapidly evolving enemies(5)? One potential explanation is that defence is physiologically, mechanically or behaviourally easier than attack, so that evolution is less constrained for victims than for parasites or pathogens(6). Another possible explanation is that parasites and pathogens have enemies themselves and that victim species persist because parasites and pathogens are regulated from the top down and thus generally have only modest demographic impacts on victimpopulations(7,8). Here we explore a third possibility: that victim species are not as evolutionarily impotent as conventional wisdom holds, but instead have unique evolutionary advantages that help to level the playing field. We use quantitative genetic analysis and individual-based simulations to show that victims can achieve such an advantage when coevolution involves multiple traits in both the host and the parasite.