Mechanical Basis of Diffusion
Mechanical Basis of Diffusion
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DOI：
10.1063/1.1733007
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发表时间：
1962-11
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
C. Truesdell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Truesdell
四种类型的扩散理论的区别，介绍，并比较：运动学，流体动力学，动力学，热力学。一个简单的力学理论，基于认识到的扩散阻力的力量，产生的议案，包括和统一所有早期的尝试。在这个理论中，一个假设的二进制阻力的形式化，并显示导致最初由斯特凡提出的对称关系。证明了纯扩散的Onsager关系与Stefan关系是等价的。已知的结果表明，这些关系在单原子气体混合物的动力学理论中作为一级近似成立。它们是否在更高的近似下成立是未知的。
Four types of theory of diffusion are distinguished, presented, and compared: kinematical, hydrodynamical, kinetic, thermodynamic. A simple mechanical theory, based upon recognizing the diffusive drags as forces that produce motions, is shown to include and unify all earlier attempts. In this theory a hypothesis of binary drags is formalized and shown to lead to the symmetry relations proposed originally by Stefan. The Onsager relations for pure diffusion are proved to be equivalent to Stefan's relations. Known results show that these relations hold as a first approximation in the kinetic theory of monatomic gas mixtures. Whether or not they hold in higher approximation is unknown.