Contributions of Cognitive Aging Models to the Explanation of Source Memory Decline across the Adult Lifespan
Contributions of Cognitive Aging Models to the Explanation of Source Memory Decline across the Adult Lifespan
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DOI：
10.1080/0361073x.2020.1743920
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发表时间：
2020-05-26
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Ruiz-Velasco, Silvia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cansino, Selene;Torres-Trejo, Frine;Ruiz-Velasco, Silvia
背景：人们提出了许多认知衰老模型来解释与年龄相关的多种认知功能下降，但这些模型很少被一起检验。我们分析了四个主要模型——处理资源、处理速度、认知储备和知识——对与衰老过程相关的记忆衰退的根源的贡献。方法：共有 1554 名 21 岁至 80 岁的健康成年人参与了该研究。对整个样本的数据以及青年、中年和老年年龄组的数据分别进行结构方程建模。为了评估每种认知模型，我们测量了工作记忆辨别水平（处理资源）、工作记忆反应时间（处理速度）、教育程度（认知储备）和词汇量（知识）。结果：处理资源在整个成人寿命中介导年龄对源记忆的影响，而处理速度仅在年轻人中介导这些影响，仅在中年人中介导认知储备，仅在老年人中介导知识。结论：处理资源是最有助于解释源记忆衰退的认知模型。其他模型与特定年龄组相关的事实提供了有用的信息，以利用它们的好处来保存特定生命阶段的源记忆。
Background: A number of cognitive aging models have been proposed to explain the age-related decline in several cognitive functions, but these models have rarely been examined together. We analyzed the contributions of four main models - processing resources, speed of processing, cognitive reserve and knowledge - to source memory decay related to the aging process. Methods: A total of 1554 healthy adults between 21 and 80 years old participated in the study. Structural equation modeling was conducted on data from the whole sample and separately in the data from young, middle-aged and older adult age groups. To estimate each cognitive model, we measured working memory discrimination levels (processing resources), working memory reaction times (speed of processing), education (cognitive reserve) and vocabulary (knowledge). Results: Processing resources mediate the effects of age on source memory across the adult lifespan, whereas speed of processing mediates these effects only in young adults, cognitive reserve only in middle-aged adults and knowledge only in older adults. Conclusions: Processing resources was the cognitive model that most contributes to explaining source memory decay. The fact that the other models are relevant to specific age groups provides useful information to exploit their benefits to preserve source memory in specific life stages.