Schistosomiasis vaccine development: Progress and prospects
Schistosomiasis vaccine development: Progress and prospects
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DOI：
10.1590/s0074-02761998000700013
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发表时间：
1998-01-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Bergquist, NR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bergquist, NR
无可争议的：尽管化疗在世界范围内取得了成功，但血吸虫病仍然无法控制，因为快速再感染需要反复治疗，有时一年一次。因此，需要一种具有长期效果的补充工具，特别是疫苗。几十年来，国际上一直在这方面努力，但直到重组DNA技术被引入，抗原生产仍然是一个无法克服的瓶颈。尽管动物实验已经取得了很高的成效，而且仍然非常需要，但它们可能并不能充分反映人类的情况，在更多地了解人类对寄生虫感染的免疫反应之前，不能期望取得真实的进展。众所周知，辐照尾蚴在实验动物中始终产生高水平的保护作用，但由于各种原因，这一原理证明不能直接利用。相反，研究集中在识别和检测特异性的染色体抗原上。这项工作已经相当成功，并已处于临床试验阶段。初步结果，从协调的体外实验室和现场流行病学工作室的保护潜力的几种抗原支持咬开始这样的试验。今年早些时候在埃及开罗组织的一系列会议审查了最近的进展，选择了合适的候选疫苗，并为未来行动提出了坚定的建议，包括承诺支持根据良好生产规范（GMP）进行大规模生产和第一阶段试验。美国疾病控制和预防中心（CDC）的科学家们已经制定了详细的研究计划。主要的财政支助将来自开罗的美国国际开发署，该署设立了一个科学咨询小组，由埃及科学家以及世卫组织、NIAID、欧洲联盟和Edna McConnell Clark基金会等当前和以前的国际捐助者的代表组成。
The undisputed: worldwide success of chemotherapy notwithstanding, schistosomiasis continues to defy control efforts in as much rapid reinfection demands repeated treatment, sometimes as often as once a year. There is thus a need for a complementary tool with effect for the longer term, notably a vaccine. International efforts in this direction have been ongoing for several decades but, until the recombinant DNA techniques were introduced antigen production remained an unsurmountable bottleneck. Although animal experiments have been highly productive and are still much needed they probably do not reflect the human situation adequately and real progress can not be expected until more is known about human immune responses to schistosome infection. It is well-known that irradiated cercariae consistently produce high levels of protection in experimental animals but for various reasons, this proof of principle cannot be directly exploited. Reseal ch has instead been focussed on the identification and testing of specific schistosome antigens. This work has been quite successful and is already at the stage where clinical trials are called for. Preliminary results from coordinated in vitro laboratory and field epidemiological studios regarding the protective potential of several antigens support bite initiation of such trials. A series of meetings, organized earlier this year in Cairo, Egypt, reviewed recent progress, selected suitable vaccine candidates and made firm recommendations for future action including pledging support for large-scale production according to good manufacturing practice (GMP) and Phase I trials. Scientists at the American Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have drawn up a detailed research plan. The major financial support will come from USAID, Cairo, which has established a scientific advisory group of Egyptian scientists and representatives from current and previous international donors such as WHO, NIAID, the European Union and the Edna McConnell Clark Foundation.