The unintended effects of providing risk information about drinking and driving.
The unintended effects of providing risk information about drinking and driving.
复制标题
提供有关酒后驾驶的风险信息的意外影响。
DOI：
10.1037/hea0000526
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kopetz,CatalinaE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johnson,MarkB;Kopetz,CatalinaE
酒精受损驾驶仍然是一个严重的公共卫生问题，尽管事实上，饮酒和驾驶的风险被广泛传播，并为公众所熟知。本研究探讨了提供风险信息可以加剧而不是减少潜在的酒后驾驶者的驾驶意愿，而受损的动机条件。MethodIn一个假设的酒后驾驶的情况下，3项研究调查了参与者的自我报告的酒后驾驶的可能性作为一个功能（a）与酒后驾驶相关的风险信息的可及性，（B）驾驶动机，和（c）需要认知闭合（NFC）。结果在3项研究中，参与者自我报告说，如果他们在NFC中很高，那么当暴露于高风险信息（与低风险信息相比）时，驾驶的可能性更高。风险信息确实降低了低NFC参与者自我报告的驾驶可能性（研究1-3）。此外，这种影响加剧时，相关的动机（方便地回家）是高（研究3）。ConclusionsThese研究结果有重要意义的损害驾驶预防工作。他们认为，至少在某些情况下，风险信息可能会对酒后驾驶决策产生意想不到的负面影响。结果是一致的动机认知文献，这表明人们的过程和使用信息的方式，支持他们最容易和重要的动机，尽管潜在的负面影响。
ObjectiveAlcohol-impaired driving remains a serious public health concern despite the fact that drinking and driving risks are widely disseminated and well understood by the public. This research examines the motivational conditions under which providing risk information can exacerbate rather than decrease potential drinking drivers’ willingness to drive while impaired.MethodIn a hypothetical drinking and driving scenario, 3 studies investigated participants’ self-reported likelihood of drinking and driving as a function of (a) accessibility of information regarding risk associated with drinking and driving,(b) motivation to drive, and (c) need for cognitive closure (NFC).ResultsAcross the 3 studies, participants self-reported a higher likelihood of driving when exposed to high-risk information (vs. low-risk information) if they were high in NFC. Risk information did decrease self-reported likelihood of driving among low-NFC participants (Studies 1–3). Furthermore, this effect was exacerbated when the relevant motivation (to get home conveniently) was high (Study 3).ConclusionsThese findings have important implications for impaired-driving prevention efforts. They suggest that at least under some circumstances, risk information can have unintended negative effects on drinking and driving decisions. The results are consistent with the motivated cognition literature, which suggests that people process and use information in a manner that supports their most accessible and important motivation despite potentially negative consequences.