Melatonin and the circadian system: contributions to successful female reproduction
Melatonin and the circadian system: contributions to successful female reproduction
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.06.014
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发表时间：
2014-08-01
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Xu, Xiao-Ying
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reiter, Russel J.;Tamura, Hiroshi;Xu, Xiao-Ying
目的：总结褪黑素和昼夜节律在确定最佳女性生殖生理中的作用，特别是在外周水平。设计：检索截至2014年3月1日的相关英文文献。只有同行评议期刊上的论文才被引用。设置：不适用。患者(S)：不适用。干预(S)：褪黑素治疗，正常光的改变：暗周期和夜间光照。主要观察指标(S)：血液和卵巢卵泡液中的褪黑素水平和外周生殖器官的褪黑素合成、氧化损伤和昼夜节律紊乱。结果(S)：中央昼夜节律调节系统位于视交叉上核。该主时钟的输出通过普遍的明暗周期与24小时同步。SCN通过自主神经系统调节外周细胞的节律，并向松果体发送神经信息，在那里它控制褪黑素的循环产生；释放后，褪黑素的节律加强外周振荡器。外周生殖器官也产生褪黑素，包括颗粒细胞、卵丘和卵母细胞。这些细胞与血液一起，可能会向卵泡液中贡献褪黑素，卵泡液中的褪黑素水平高于血液中的褪黑素水平。褪黑素是一种强大的自由基清除剂，可以保护卵母细胞免受氧化应激，特别是在排卵期间。血液中褪黑激素的循环水平通过胎盘，帮助胎儿SCN的组织。在缺乏这种同步效应的情况下，后代可能会出现神经行为缺陷。此外，褪黑素还可以保护发育中的胎儿免受氧化应激的伤害。结论：稳定的昼夜节律和周期褪黑素的可获得性对卵巢的最佳生理和胎盘功能都是至关重要的。由于夜间夜幕降临后的光照会扰乱生物钟，并抑制夜间褪黑激素水平的升高，因此应避免夜间光照。((C)2014年，由美国生殖医学学会主办。)
Objective: To summarize the role of melatonin and circadian rhythms in determining optimal female reproductive physiology, especially at the peripheral level.Design: Databases were searched for the related English-language literature published up to March 1, 2014. Only papers in peer-reviewed journals are cited.Setting: Not applicable. Patient(s): Not applicable.Intervention(s): Melatonin treatment, alterations of the normal light: dark cycle and light exposure at night.Main Outcome Measure(s): Melatonin levels in the blood and in the ovarian follicular fluid and melatonin synthesis, oxidative damage and circadian rhythm disturbances in peripheral reproductive organs.Result(s): The central circadian regulatory system is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The output of this master clock is synchronized to 24 hours by the prevailing light-dark cycle. The SCN regulates rhythms in peripheral cells via the autonomic nervous system and it sends a neural message to the pineal gland where it controls the cyclic production of melatonin; after its release, the melatonin rhythm strengthens peripheral oscillators. Melatonin is also produced in the peripheral reproductive organs, including granulosa cells, the cumulus oophorus, and the oocyte. These cells, along with the blood, may contribute melatonin to the follicular fluid, which has melatonin levels higher than those in the blood. Melatonin is a powerful free radical scavenger and protects the oocyte from oxidative stress, especially at the time of ovulation. The cyclic levels of melatonin in the blood pass through the placenta and aid in the organization of the fetal SCN. In the absence of this synchronizing effect, the offspring may exhibit neurobehavioral deficits. Also, melatonin protects the developing fetus from oxidative stress. Melatonin produced in the placenta likewise may preserve the optimal function of this organ.Conclusion(s): Both stable circadian rhythms and cyclic melatonin availability are critical for optimal ovarian physiology and placental function. Because light exposure after darkness onset at night disrupts the master circadian clock and suppresses elevated nocturnal melatonin levels, light at night should be avoided. ((C)2014 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.)