Epidemiology of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Epidemiology of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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食管鳞状细胞癌的流行病学
DOI：
10.1007/978-981-15-4190-2_1
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Tsugane
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Yamaji;S. Tsugane
食管癌是全球第八大常见癌症，也是第六大癌症死亡原因。超过80%的食管癌病例和死亡发生在发展中国家，在高发地区大约80-90%是鳞状细胞癌。食管癌的发病率在国际上存在很大差异。事实证明，一般来说，男性比女性更常见。值得注意的是，日本男性的这种情况大约是男性的五倍。自1960年以来，由于日本人口老龄化，发病率和死亡率均呈上升趋势，而男性和女性的年龄调整死亡率均在下降。食管鳞癌令人信服的危险因素包括吸烟和饮酒，而暗示性的保护因素是水果和蔬菜的摄入。同样，摄入高温饮料和食物很可能会增加食道热损伤的风险。日本大约 88% 的男性食道癌（女性 52%）被认为可以通过改善生活方式来避免，例如避免吸烟和饮酒，同时保持足够的水果和蔬菜摄入量。
Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer worldwide and the sixth most common cause of death from cancer. More than 80% of esophageal cancer cases and deaths occur in developing countries, and approximately 80–90% are squamous cell carcinomas in the high-incidence regions. The incidence rates of esophageal cancer show wide variation internationally. It has been shown to be more common among men than women in general. Of note, it is approximately five times more common among males in Japan. Both incidence and mortality are on the rise in number since 1960 due to the aging of Japanese population, while age-adjusted mortality rates are decreasing in both males and females. Convincing risk factors for esophageal squamous carcinoma include tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption, while suggestive protective factors are fruit and vegetable intake. Likewise, intake of high-temperature beverages and foods show high probability of increasing risk through heat damage in the esophagus. Approximately 88% of male esophageal cancer (52% for females) in Japan is thought to have been avoidable by lifestyle improvements such as refraining from smoking of tobacco and alcohol use, while maintaining sufficient fruit and vegetable intake.