Exposure and Health Effects of Fungi on Humans.
Exposure and Health Effects of Fungi on Humans.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jaip.2016.01.008
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发表时间：
2016-05
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Environmental Allergens Workgroup
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Baxi SN;Portnoy JM;Larenas-Linnemann D;Phipatanakul W;Environmental Allergens Workgroup
真菌是存在于室外和室内环境中的普遍存在的微生物。先前的研究已经发现环境真菌暴露与人类健康影响之间的关系。我们回顾了最近的文章，重点是真菌暴露和潮湿的危险因素，呼吸系统疾病的发展，症状和超敏反应。特别是，我们回顾了表明早期暴露于潮湿或真菌与哮喘的发展和哮喘发病率增加有关的证据。虽然户外暴露于高浓度的孢子会导致健康影响，如与雷暴相关的哮喘发作，但大多数人似乎相对不受影响，除非他们对特定的属过敏。另一方面，室内暴露和潮湿似乎与幼儿发生哮喘的风险增加和哮喘患者的哮喘发病率增加有关。这些都是重要的问题，因为它们为可能考虑用于真菌暴露增加的家庭和建筑物的干预措施提供了依据。除了鼻炎和哮喘，真菌暴露与许多其他疾病有关，包括过敏性支气管肺炎、过敏性真菌性鼻窦炎和过敏性肺炎。有必要进行更多的研究，以建立因果关系，并评估真菌和潮湿相关的健康影响的干预措施。
Fungi are ubiquitous microorganisms that are present in outdoor and indoor environments. Previous research has found relationships between environmental fungal exposures and human health effects. We reviewed recent articles focused on fungal exposure and dampness as risk factors for respiratory disease development, symptoms and hypersensitivity. In particular, we reviewed the evidence suggesting that early exposure to dampness or fungi is associated with development of asthma and increased asthma morbidity. While outdoor exposure to high concentrations of spores can cause health effects such as asthma attacks in association with thunderstorms, most people appear to be relatively unaffected unless they are sensitized to specific genera. Indoor exposure and dampness, on the other hand, appears to be associated with increased risk of developing asthma in young children and asthma morbidity in individuals who have asthma. These are important issues because they provide a rationale for interventions that might be considered for homes and buildings in which there is increased fungal exposure. In addition to rhinitis and asthma, fungus exposure is associated with a number of other illnesses including allergic bronchopulmonary mycoses, allergic fungal sinusitis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Additional research is necessary to establish causality and evaluate interventions for fungal and dampness-related health effects.