Helium Ion Microscopy for the imaging of Organic Matrix and Mineral Phase in Developing Tooth Enamel.
Helium Ion Microscopy for the imaging of Organic Matrix and Mineral Phase in Developing Tooth Enamel.
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氦离子显微镜用于对牙釉质发育过程中的有机基质和矿物相进行成像。
DOI：
10.1017/s1431927613010192
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bidlack,FB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Huyuan,C;Marshman,J;Dobeck,J;Goetze,B;Bidlack,FB
哺乳动物牙釉质主要由碳酸化羟基磷灰石晶体组成，呈分层组织。虽然在釉质形成的初始阶段，晶体在细胞外基质中仅占30重量%，但在釉质形成期间，大部分有机材料被除去，最终产物由大于95重量%的矿物质、约1重量%的有机材料和残留的水组成。当完全矿化时，牙釉质由极长的针状晶体组成，约70 nm宽，30 nm厚，组织成直径为几微米的束（棱柱）。釉质形成细胞（成釉细胞）、基质蛋白和矿物相之间的微妙相互作用对于这种精致有序的排列至关重要[1]。发育中的牙釉质中形成的晶体尺寸小，需要通过电子显微镜技术进行分析，而有机基质经常使用脱矿标本的光学显微镜进行研究，以及使用透射电子显微镜分析的免疫金标记切片。尽管场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）的高分辨率成像已成功用于阐明骨矿物质形成与有机基质的关系[2]，但牙釉质中的蛋白质-矿物质相互作用尚未以这种方式得到证实。
Mammalian tooth enamel is composed mostly of carbonated hydroxyapatite crystals in hierarchical organization. Although during the initial stage of enamel formation the crystals comprise only 30 wt% in the extracellular matrix, most of the organic material is removed during enamel formation and the end product is comprised of more than 95 wt% mineral, about 1 wt% organic material, and residual water. When fully mineralized, tooth enamel consists of extremely long needle shaped crystals, about 70 nm wide and 30 nm thick that are organized into bundles (prisms) of a few micrometers in diameter. The delicate interactions between enamel forming cells (ameloblasts), matrix proteins and mineral phase are critical for this exquisitely ordered arrangement [1].The small size of forming crystals in developing tooth enamel requires the analysis by electron microscopy techniques, whereas the organic matrix is frequently studied using light microscopy of demineralized specimens, as well as immuno-gold labeled sections analyzed with transmission electron microscopy. Although the high-resolution imaging that is possible with field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) has been successfully applied to elucidate mechanisms of bone mineral formation in relation to organic matrix [2], the protein-mineral interactions in tooth enamel have not been demonstrated in this way.