Disparities in retail marketing for little cigars and cigarillos in Los Angeles, California.
Disparities in retail marketing for little cigars and cigarillos in Los Angeles, California.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.abrep.2018.100149
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发表时间：
2019-06-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Baezconde-Garbanati, Lourdes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Smiley, Sabrina L;Kintz, Natalie;Baezconde-Garbanati, Lourdes
简介：香烟广告集中在主要是低收入的非白人社区的证据强调了审查零售营销和促销新烟草产品，如小雪茄和小雪茄（LCC）的必要性。我们试图调查社区种族/民族差异LCC营销在零售，包括可用性，广告，价格促销，和产品放置在洛杉矶，加州。方法：在2016年1月至2017年4月期间，社区卫生工作者（n = 19）对位于非吸烟率高的邮政编码的烟草零售店（n = 679）进行了面对面的观察性审计，西班牙裔白色（n = 196）、黑人（n = 194）、西班牙裔/拉丁裔（n = 189）或韩裔美国人（n = 100）居民。为了解释邮政编码的聚类效应，采用二分结果的多水平建模方法来评估种族/民族社区样本与因变量之间的关联。结果：位于非西班牙裔黑人比例高的邮政编码的商店销售LCC的几率高出8倍以上（OR = 8.10; 95% CI = 3.10-21.11 vs.非西班牙裔白色），销售风味LCC的几率高出5倍以上（与非西班牙裔白色人相比，OR = 5.20; 95% CI = 2.33-11.61），显示店面外部LCC标牌的几率高出6倍以上（OR = 6.03; 95% CI = 2.93-12.40 vs.非西班牙裔白色人）。西班牙裔/拉丁裔和韩裔美国人社区的商店销售LCC的几率约为三倍（OR = 3.02; 95% CI = 1.15-7.93 vs.非西班牙裔白色人; OR = 2.99; 95% CI = 1.33-6.71 vs.非西班牙裔白色人）。LCC在洛杉矶的零售场所大量销售，主要针对非白人社区，尤其是在非裔美国人比例较高的社区的商店。地方、州和联邦的口味限制、最小包装尺寸标准、预防信息和宣传活动可以对抗零售机构中LCC营销的影响。
INTRODUCTION: Evidence of a concentration of cigarette advertising in predominantly low-income, non-White neighborhoods underscores the need to examine retail marketing and promotions for novel tobacco products like little cigars and cigarillos (LCCs). We sought to investigate neighborhood racial/ethnic disparities in LCC marketing at retail, including availability, advertising, price promotions, and product placement in Los Angeles, California.METHODS: Between January 2016 and April 2017, community health workers (n = 19) conducted in-person observational audits from tobacco retail stores (n = 679) located in zip codes with a high percentage of non-Hispanic White (n = 196), Black (n = 194), Hispanic/Latino (n = 189), or Korean American (n = 100) residents. To account for clustering effect of zip codes, multilevel modeling approach for a dichotomized outcome was conducted to evaluate the association between racial/ethnic neighborhood sample and dependent variables.RESULTS: Stores located in zip codes with a high percentage of non-Hispanic Blacks had more than eight times higher odds of selling LCCs (OR = 8.10; 95% CI = 3.10-21.11 vs. non-Hispanic White), more than five times higher odds of selling flavored LCCs (OR = 5.20; 95% CI = 2.33-11.61 vs. non-Hispanic White), and more than six times higher odds of displaying storefront exterior LCC signage (OR = 6.03; 95% CI = 2.93-12.40 vs. non-Hispanic White). Stores in Hispanic/Latino and Korean American communities had about three times higher odds of selling LCCs (OR = 3.02; 95% CI = 1.15-7.93 vs. non-Hispanic White; OR = 2.99; 95% CI = 1.33-6.71 vs. non-Hispanic White).CONCLUSIONS: LCCs are heavily marketed in retail establishments in Los Angeles, with disproportionate targeting of predominantly non-White neighborhoods, especially stores in neighborhoods with a higher proportion of African Americans. Local, state, and federal flavor restrictions, minimum pack size standards, preventive messages, and campaigns could counter the influence of LCC marketing in retail establishments.