Application of Micro-CT and MRI in Clinical and Preclinical Studies of Osteoporosis and Related Disorders
Application of Micro-CT and MRI in Clinical and Preclinical Studies of Osteoporosis and Related Disorders
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-540-45456-4_24
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发表时间：
2007-12
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Yebin Jiang;J. Jacobson;H. Genant;Jenny Zhao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yebin Jiang;J. Jacobson;H. Genant;Jenny Zhao
先进的成像技术，是非侵入性和非破坏性的，可以提供关于骨的结构信息，而不仅仅是简单的骨密度测量。由于骨小梁的力学性能是其表观密度和三维分布的函数，因此，评估骨小梁的三维结构特征可以提高我们理解骨质疏松症的病理生理学、测试药物干预的疗效和评估骨的生物力学性能的能力。我们用不同的治疗方法研究了卵巢切除引起的大鼠骨量减少。Micro-CT还可用于研究小鼠的骨质疏松症和基因操作小鼠的表型。Micro-CT可以量化小鼠Ilizarov腿延长术中的成骨过程、大鼠颅骨缺损模型中的骨传导以及关节炎兔、大鼠和小鼠的结构变化。Micro-CT可以重复性地量化兔钛假体毛孔内新骨形成的三维微结构。在临床研究中，我们评估了绝经前和绝经后妇女髂骨的纵向变化。绝经后骨质疏松性骨折妇女的成对骨活检显示，在没有积极治疗的情况下，绝经后骨质疏松妇女髂骨的3D骨小梁微结构恶化。三维微结构参数可以预测裂缝。治疗绝经后骨质疏松症妇女甲状旁腺激素显著改善骨小梁形态，向更多的板状结构转变，增加骨小梁的连通性，并增加皮质厚度。绝经后骨质疏松症妇女在开始雌激素替代治疗前后的髂骨骨活检标本配对，在治疗后的活检中显示板/棒的比例发生了显着变化。高分辨率磁共振和微磁共振作为评估骨质疏松症的研究工具和潜在的临床工具都受到了相当大的关注。它已被用于研究不同治疗策略的人类标本或骨质疏松动物模型。MR显微镜已被证明能够区分有或无骨质疏松性骨折的绝经后妇女桡骨远端和跟骨的骨小梁结构。它已被用于研究人类标本或骨质疏松症的动物模型，并有各种治疗策略。一项高场磁共振研究表明，去势会导致母羊股骨颈的骨小梁微结构和生物力学性能恶化。降钙素以剂量依赖的方式阻止这些变化。单因素分析和多元逐步回归分析表明，骨小梁的微结构对其生物力学特性有显著影响，与股骨颈测量的骨密度无关。骨小梁微结构和骨密度的结合提高了对骨质量的预测。
Advanced imaging techniques, which are noninvasive and nondestructive, can provide structural information about bone beyond simple bone densitometry. As the mechanical competence of trabecular bone is a function of its apparent density and 3D distribution, assessment of 3D trabecular structural characteristics may improve our ability to understand the pathophysiology of osteoporosis, to test the efficacy of pharmaceutical intervention, and to estimate bone biomechanical properties. We studied ovariectomy-induced osteopenia in rats with various treatments. Micro-CT is also useful for studying osteoporosis in mice and phenotypes of mice with gene manipulation. Micro-CT can quantify osteogenesis in mouse Ilizarov leg-lengthening procedures, osteoconduction in rat cranial defect models, and structural changes in arthritic rabbits, rats, and mice. Micro-CT can reproducibly quantify 3D microarchitecture of new bone formation inside the pores of titanium prosthesis implants is rabbits. In clinical studies, we evaluated longitudinal changes in iliac crests in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Paired bone biopsies from post-menopausal women with osteoporotic fracture shows that 3D trabecular microstructure deteriorates in the iliac crest of postmenopausal osteoporotic women without active treatment. Three-dimensional microstructural parameters can predict fracture. Treatment of PTH in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis significantly improved trabecular morphology with a shift toward a more plate-like structure, increased trabecular connectivity, and increased cortical thickness. Paired bone biopsy specimens from the iliac crest in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis before and after beginning estrogen replacement therapy demonstrated in post-treatment biopsies a significant change in the ratio of plates to rods. High-resolution MR and µMR have received considerable attention both as research tools and potential clinical tools for assessment of osteoporosis. It has been used in studying human specimens or animal models of osteoporosis with various treatment strategies.MR microscopy has been shown to capable of differentiating trabecular structure in the distal radius and the calcaneus in postmenopausal women with or without osteoporotic fracture. It has been used in studying human specimens or animals models of osteoporosis with various treatment strategies. A high field MR study show that ovariectomy in ewes induces deterioration of trabecular microstructure and biomechanical property of the femoral neck. These changes are prevented by calcitonin in a dose-dependent manner. Univariate analysis and multivariate stepwise regression analysis indicate that microarchitecture of trabecular bone contributes significantly to its biomechanical characteristics, independent of BMD measured in the femoral neck. Combination of trabecular microstructure with BMD improves prediction of bone quality.