Why use noise?
Why use noise?
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DOI：
10.1364/josaa.16.000647
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发表时间：
1999-03-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Farell, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pelli, DG;Farell, B
测量视觉敏感度对视觉刺激参数的依赖性是视觉科学的支柱。然而，并没有广泛认识到，视觉敏感度是两个因素的产物，每个因素相对于刺激和任务的许多属性是不变的。通过估计这两个因素，人们可以更容易地隔离视觉过程比单独使用敏感性措施。其基本思想是，噪音限制了所有形式的交流，包括视觉。作为经验问题，在有和没有噪声背景添加到显示器的情况下测量人类观察者的阈值通常是有用的，以将观察者的能力与观察者的固有噪声分开。当我们知道有多少噪音时，计算手头任务的理想性能通常是有用的，作为人类性能的基准。这剥离了任务的内在难度，揭示了人类能力的纯粹衡量标准。在这里，我们展示了如何将灵敏度分解为效率和等效噪声，并记录了这两个因子的不变性。(C)1999年美国光学学会[S 0740 -3232（99）01703-2]。
Measuring the dependence of visual sensitivity on parameters of the visual stimulus is a mainstay of vision science. However, it is not widely appreciated that visual sensitivity is a product of two factors that are each invariant with respect to many properties of the stimulus and task. By estimating these two factors, one can isolate visual processes more easily than by using sensitivity measures alone. The underlying idea is that noise limits all forms of communication, including vision. As an empirical matter, it is often useful to measure the human observer's threshold with and without a noise background added to the display, to disentangle the observer's ability from the observer's intrinsic noise. And when we know how much noise there is, it is often useful to calculate ideal performance of the task at hand, as a benchmark for human performance. This strips away the intrinsic difficulty of the task to reveal a pure measure of human ability. Here we show how to do the factoring of sensitivity into efficiency and equivalent noise, and we document the invariances of the two factors. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America [S0740-3232(99)01703-2].