The role of movement in the development of joint visual attention
The role of movement in the development of joint visual attention
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DOI：
10.1016/s0163-6383(97)90063-1
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发表时间：
1997-01-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Bennett, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moore, C;Angelopoulos, M;Bennett, P
涉及训练范式的两项实验研究了成人头部运动在早期凝视跟踪中的作用。在第一个实验中，三组 9 个月大的婴儿与一名成年人互动，经过一系列试验，该成年人针对旁边出现的有趣景象提出了两种提示之一。其中两组（非自发组）由在课程开始时没有进行目光跟随的婴儿组成。一组看到成虫向一侧做出头部朗姆运动；另一组看到成虫向一侧做出头部运动；另一个人只看到同一运动结束时的静态头部方向。第三组（自发组）由在课程开始时进行凝视跟随的婴儿组成，也看到了成人的静态头部方向。结果表明，非自发婴儿可以学会跟随动态头部转动，但不能学会跟随静态头部方向。自发婴儿确实遵循静态头部方向。鉴于这一结果，又对另一组非自发性 9 个月大的婴儿进行了测试。使用相同的范例，这些婴儿观察了头部转动运动，而没有最终的静态头部方向。他们还关注高于机会水平的目光。第二个实验涉及与第一个实验相同的设计和程序，不同之处在于用头部倾斜运动代替了静态头部方向。同样，非自发婴儿会随着头部转动而获得注视，但不会随着头部倾斜而获得注视。自发婴儿能够在实验过程中学习头部倾斜的信号值。另一组非自发性 9 个月大的孩子也以相同的模式进行了测试。这些婴儿观察到成人头部转动在到达目标 30 度之前停止。这些婴儿还能够学会转向正确的目标。这些结果是在联合视觉注意力和婴儿对注意力的理解所必需的凝视跟随反应的发育起源的背景下讨论的。
Two experiments involving a training paradigm examined the role of adult head movement in early gaze following. In the first experiment, three groups of 9-month-old infants interacted with an adult, who, over a series of trials, presented one of two cues for the appearance of an interesting sight to the side. Two of the groups (nonspontaneous) were composed of infants who were not engaging in gaze following at the start of the session. One group saw the adult produce a head-rum movement to the side; the other saw only the static head orientation at the end of the same movement. The third group (spontaneous), composed of infants who were engaging in gaze following at the start of the session, also saw the adult's static head orientation. Results showed that nonspontaneous infants could learn to follow the dynamic head turn, but not the static head orientation. Spontaneous infants did follow the static head orientation. Given this result, a further group of nonspontaneous 9-month-olds were tested. Using the same paradigm, these infants observed the head-turn movement without the final static head orientation. They also followed gaze at above chance levels. The second experiment involved the same design and procedure as the first, with the exception that a head-tilt movement was substituted for the static head orientation. Again, nonspontaneous infants acquired gaze following with the head rum, but not with the head tilt. Spontaneous infants were able to learn the signal value of the head tilt in the experimental session. A further group of nonspontaneous 9-month-olds was tested in the same paradigm. These infants observed an adult head turn that stopped before reaching the target at 30 degrees. These infants also were able to learn to turn toward the correct target. These results are discussed in the context of the developmental origins of the gaze-following response necessary for joint visual attention and the infant's understanding of attention.