Cultural similarities and differences in lay theories of altruism: Replication of Carlson and Zaki (2018) in a Japanese sample
Cultural similarities and differences in lay theories of altruism: Replication of Carlson and Zaki (2018) in a Japanese sample
复制标题
利他主义外行理论的文化异同：卡尔森和扎基（2018）在日本样本中的复制
DOI：
10.1111/ajsp.12502
复制
发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Takashi Kusumi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yuta Kawamura;Shusaku Sasaki;Takashi Kusumi
先前的研究已经证实，与亲社会行为相关的一些好处（例如慈善捐赠的减税）可以影响他人对亲社会行为的看法。 Carlson 和 Zaki（2018）系统地研究了观察者所感知的利他主义如何受到美国样本中演员在行动前获得（后果）或预期获得（动机）的自我导向利益（物质、社会和情感利益）的影响。他们的实验表明，与那些以他人为导向的利益相比，具有物质和社会利益的亲社会行为被认为不那么无私。此外，由自我导向的利益（物质、社会或情感利益）驱动的亲社会行为被认为不如那些以他人为导向的动机的利他行为。为了检验这些结果的普遍性，本研究在日本样本中复制了 Carlson 和 Zaki（2018）的研究。总的来说，本研究成功地复制了原始结果。然而，存在三个差异：（a）日本人认为具有社会利益的利他行为与具有其他利益的亲社会行为同样是利他行为；（b）日本人认为由情感利益驱动的亲社会行为不是利他行为；（c）默认情况下，日本人倾向于认为他人是自私的。讨论了这些文化差异的根源。
Previous studies have confirmed that some benefits related to prosocial acts (e.g., tax reduction for charitable donation) can influence how the prosocial acts are perceived by others. Carlson and Zaki (2018) systematically investigated how altruism perceived by observers is influenced by self‐oriented benefits (material, social, and emotional benefits) that actors received (consequences) or expected to receive before acting (motives) in an American sample. Their experiments showed that prosocial acts with material and social benefits were perceived as less altruistic than those with other‐oriented benefits. Additionally, prosocial acts motivated by self‐oriented benefits (material, social, or emotional benefits) were perceived as less altruistic than those with other‐oriented motives. To examine the generalisability of those results, the present study replicated Carlson and Zaki (2018) in a Japanese sample. In general, the present study successfully replicated the original results. However, there were three differences: (a) Japanese individuals considered altruistic behaviours with social benefits equally altruistic as prosocial acts with other‐oriented benefits, (b) Japanese individuals considered prosocial acts motivated by emotional benefits as not altruistic, and (c) by default, Japanese individuals tended to see others as selfish. The origins of these cultural differences are discussed.