Bose-Einstein condensation
Bose-Einstein condensation
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DOI：
10.1088/2058-7058/10/3/21
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发表时间：
1997-03
期刊：
影响因子：
0.6
通讯作者：
C. Townsend;W. Ketterle;S. Stringari
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Townsend;W. Ketterle;S. Stringari
1924年，印度物理学家萨特延德拉·纳特·玻色（Satyendra Nath Bose）给爱因斯坦寄来了一篇论文，在论文中，爱因斯坦通过将光子视为全同粒子的气体，推导出了黑体辐射的普朗克定律。爱因斯坦将玻色的理论推广到一种由相同的原子或分子组成的理想气体，其中粒子的数量是守恒的，并在同一年预测，在足够低的温度下，粒子将被锁定在系统的最低量子态中。我们现在知道，这种被称为玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚（BEC）的现象只发生在“玻色子”-总自旋为h（普朗克常数除以2π）的整数倍的粒子。
In 1924 the Indian physicist Satyendra Nath Bose sent Einstein a paper in which he derived the Planck law for black-body radiation by treating the photons as a gas of identical particles. Einstein generalized Bose's theory to an ideal gas of identical atoms or molecules for which the number of particles is conserved and, in the same year, predicted that at sufficiently low temperatures the particles would become locked together in the lowest quantum state of the system. We now know that this phenomenon, called Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC), only happens for "bosons" – particles with a total spin that is an integer multiple of h, the Planck constant divided by 2π.