Dynamics of nontopological solitons: Q balls
Dynamics of nontopological solitons: Q balls
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非拓扑孤子的动力学：Q 球
DOI：
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发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Manolis Floratos
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Axenides;S. Komineas;L. Perivolaropoulos;Manolis Floratos
我们用数值模拟和半解析方法研究了非拓扑定常Q球解的稳定性和相互作用。在一个简单模型的背景下，我们映射了单个Q球的稳定性参数扇区，并用时间演化的数值模拟验证了结果。在一维和二维空间中研究了两个相互作用的Q球系统。我们发现，系统一般表现为呼吸型振荡，其频率等于内部Q球频率之差。这一结果与Q球相互作用势的形式是一致的。最后，我们对Q球的散射进行了模拟，结果表明，在不存在拓扑守恒量的Q球的情况下，在二维拓扑孤子散射中观察到的直角散射效应也是成立的。对于相对论碰撞速度，Q球电荷被分成前向散射分量和直角散射分量。随着碰撞速度的增加，向前分量以牺牲直角分量为代价被放大。
We use numerical simulations and semianalytical methods to investigate the stability and the interactions of nontopological stationary Q ball solutions. In the context of a simple model we map the parameter sectors of stability for a single Q ball and verify the result using numerical simulations of time evolution. The system of two interacting Q balls is also studied in one and two space dimensions. We find that the system generically performs breather-type oscillations with frequency equal to the difference of the internal Q ball frequencies. This result is shown to be consistent with the form of the Q ball interaction potential. Finally we perform simulations of Q ball scattering and show that the right angle scattering effect observed in topological soliton scattering in two dimensions persists also in the case of Q balls where no topologically conserved quantities are present. For relativistic collision velocities the Q ball charge is split into a forward and a right angle scattering component. As the collision velocity increases, the forward component gets amplified at the expense of the right angle component.