Spatial benefits afforded by high rank in white-faced capuchins
Spatial benefits afforded by high rank in white-faced capuchins
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DOI：
10.1006/anbe.1996.0392
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发表时间：
1997-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Fedigan, LM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hall, CL;Fedigan, LM
群居生活对动物来说是成本和收益的来源。好处可能包括减少捕食风险，提高寻找食物和保护聚集资源的能力;最突出的代价可能是增加了群体内对食物的竞争。据推测，动物总是试图将它们所获得的成本与相应的收益相比较最小化。由于成本和收益在群体内的空间位置之间会有所不同，动物应该更喜欢那些成本相对于收益最低的空间位置。对于其成员由社会支配等级组织的群体，获得首选空间位置可能是高等级的好处。我们研究了优势等级和空间格局之间的关系，在两组白脸卷尾猴，Cebus capucinus。我们预计动物将面临两个成本效益梯度：捕食风险从中心到边缘增加，消耗成本从前面到后面增加。枯竭是一个重要的因素，在旱季，但不是在雨季，因此，大概只有捕食风险梯度存在于雨季。在这两个季节，优势动物比他们的下属同行更中心，在中心内，他们更喜欢在旱季最前沿的位置，而不是在雨季。在空间位置的激动的变化的情况下，表明主导动物的下属主动排除不能解释所观察到的空间格局。相反，我们的结论是，下属避免占主导地位的动物作为一种战略，以减少竞争的竞争。(C)1997年，动物行为研究协会。
Group living is a source of both costs and benefits for animals. Benefits may include decreased predation risk, and an increased ability to find food and defend clumped resources; the most prominent cost is probably increased competition for food within the group. Presumably, animals will always try to minimize the cost they receive relative to the corresponding benefit. Since costs and benefits will vary between spatial positions within the group, animals should prefer those spatial positions with the lowest costs relative to benefits. For groups whose members are organized by a social dominance hierarchy, access to preferred spatial positions may be a benefit of high rank. We examined the relationship between dominance rank and spatial patterns in two groups of white-faced capuchins, Cebus capucinus. We expected the animals to be faced with two cost-benefit gradients: predation risk increasing from centre to edge, and depletion costs increasing from front to back. Depletion was a significant factor in the dry season but not in the wet season; therefore, presumably only the predation risk gradient was present in the wet season. Dominant animals were more central than their subordinate counterparts during both seasons, and within the centre, they preferred the most forward position during the dry season but not during the wet season. The absence of variation in agonism across spatial positions suggests that active exclusion of subordinates by dominant animals cannot explain the spatial patterns observed. Instead, we conclude that subordinates avoid dominant animals as a strategy to reduce contest competition. (C) 1997 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.