Seawater desalination in China: Retrospect and prospect
Seawater desalination in China: Retrospect and prospect
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cej.2013.12.104
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发表时间：
2014-04
影响因子：
15.1
通讯作者：
Xiang Zheng;Di Chen;Qi Wang;Zhenxing Zhang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Xiang Zheng;Di Chen;Qi Wang;Zhenxing Zhang
由于水资源供需不平衡，中国已经并将面临水资源短缺问题，特别是在中国沿海地区。海水淡化可以增加总供水量，是解决中国水资源短缺问题的重要组成部分。随着近60年的发展，海水淡化技术和应用有了显著的进步。海水淡化总能力从2000年的1万立方米/天增加到2011年的约66万立方米/天。海水淡化主要用于发电、钢铁制造、石化工业和公共供水。中国已建成75座海水淡化厂，其中1万立方米/天以上的海水淡化厂16座。9个海水淡化厂正在建设中，将提供40.8万立方米/天的能力。大部分海水淡化应用（占海水淡化能力的99.5%）位于辽宁、山东、河北、天津和浙江这五个省。主要的海水淡化技术是反渗透（RO）和多效蒸馏（MED）。80.3%的海水淡化厂采用反渗透，14.5%的海水淡化厂采用MED。反渗透和MED的海水淡化能力分别为34.8万m3/d和23.2万m3/d。面对水资源短缺的挑战，海水淡化在中国是必要的，并日益成为解决这一问题的必然国家战略。中国是最有前景的海水淡化市场之一。然而，在可预见的未来，国际海水淡化公司仍将主导海水淡化市场。
China has been and will be facing water shortage issues due to the disparity between water supply and demand, especially within Chinese coastal areas. Seawater desalination can increase the total water supply and is an important component in addressing water shortage issues in China. With the development of the last six decades, seawater desalination technologies and applications have been advanced remarkably. Total seawater desalination capacity has increased from 10,000 m3/d in 2000 to approximately 660,000 m3/d in 2011. Seawater desalination has been primarily used in power generation, steel manufacturing, petrochemical industry, and public water supply. 75 desalination plants have been constructed in China, among which 16 desalination plants have capacities of 10,000 m3/d or more. Nine desalination plants are under construction, which will provide capacity of 408,000 m3/d. Most of the desalination applications (99.5% of the desalination capacity) are located within five provinces: Liaoning, Shandong, Hebei, Tianjin, and Zhejiang. The dominant desalination technologies are reverse osmosis (RO) and multi-effect distillation (MED). 80.3% of desalination plants employ RO and 14.5% of desalination plants adopt MED. The desalination capacities of RO and MED are 348,000 and 232,000 m3/d, respectively. Facing the challenge of water shortage, seawater desalination is of necessity in China and is increasingly an inevitable national strategy to address the issue. China is one of the most promising market for seawater desalination. However, international desalination companies will still dominate seawater desalination market for the foreseeable future.