China's dimming and brightening: evidence, causes and hydrological implications
China's dimming and brightening: evidence, causes and hydrological implications
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DOI：
10.5194/angeo-32-41-2014
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发表时间：
2014-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Yawen Wang;Yonghui Yang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yawen Wang;Yonghui Yang
摘要。越来越多的证据表明，与全球变暗和变亮相对应，中国地表太阳辐射和日照时数在20世纪60年代至21世纪初经历了年代际波动。然而，这些分析的结果却大相径庭。在本研究中，我们综合了可靠的结果，并结论性地解决了中国调光和增亮研究的最新进展和不足。自20世纪60年代以来，太阳表面辐射、太阳直接辐射和日照时数均有明显的时空变暗趋势。同时，太阳漫射辐射的变化趋势不太明显。人为气溶胶负荷的增加被认为是中国变暗最合理的解释。1990年以来的增亮趋势微弱且不显著，主要发生在中国东南部和春季。太阳辐射趋势的逆转与气候变化有关，因为云的抑制和人为排放的减缓。中国未来的太阳辐射趋势很大程度上取决于空气质量控制的发展。其他潜在的驱动因素，如风速、水汽和地表反照率，在中国特定地区也不可忽略。中国变暗和变亮的水文意义缺乏系统的研究。然而，1990年中国的太阳辐射和蒸发皿蒸发量趋势曲线相似的事实进一步表明，蒸发皿蒸发量悖论可以部分地由太阳辐射的变化来解决。
Abstract. There is growing evidence that, corresponding to global dimming and brightening, surface solar radiation and sunshine hours over China have undergone decadal fluctuations during the 1960s–2000s. The results of a number of these analyses are, however, very different. In this study, we synthesize reliable results and conclusively address recent advances and insufficiencies in studies on dimming and brightening in China. A temporally and spatially prevalent dimming trend is noted in surface solar radiation, direct solar radiation and sunshine hours since the 1960s. Meanwhile, the changing trend in diffuse solar radiation is less pronounced. Increasing anthropogenic aerosol loading is regarded as the most plausible explanation for China's dimming. The brightening trend since 1990, which mainly occurs in southeastern China and in the spring season, is weak and insignificant. The reverse in the solar radiation trend is associated with climate change by cloud suppression and slowdown in anthropogenic emissions. The future solar radiation trend in China could largely depend on the development of air quality control. Other potential driving factors such as wind speed, water vapor and surface albedo are also non-negligible in specific regions of China. Hydrological implications of dimming and brightening in China lack systematic investigation. However, the fact that solar radiation and pan evaporation trends in China track a similar curve in 1990 further suggests that the pan evaporation paradox could be partly resolved by changes in solar radiation.