Plant-pollinator interactions in New Caledonia influenced by introduced honey bees
Plant-pollinator interactions in New Caledonia influenced by introduced honey bees
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DOI：
10.3732/ajb.91.11.1814
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发表时间：
2004-11-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Kawakita, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kato, M;Kawakita, A
新喀里多尼亚的植物区系具有非常高的物种多样性、高度的特有性和异常丰富的古老植物类群。为了研究这一特有生态系统中群落水平的授粉互惠关系，我们观察了不同植被类型42科99种植物上的访花现象。在95种乡土植物中，最主要的传粉系统是蜂媒(46.3%)，其次是法兰(飞蛾传粉，20.0%)，鸟媒(11.6%)，犬媒(甲虫传粉，8.4%)，肌媒(苍蝇传粉，3.2%)，翼翅目(蝙蝠传粉，3.2%)，风媒(3.2%)。在澳大利亚，食鸟性蜜鸟的流行表明与授粉互惠有生态联系。凤眼蜂的相对优势是新喀里多尼亚独有的，并被认为与原始蜜蜂动物群的低多样性和长舌蜂的缺乏有关。虽然一些古老的植物保持着古老的植物与传粉者的相互作用，例如由小翼蛾授粉的Zygogynum，或由蓟马和金龟子授粉的Hedycarya，但在花上观察到的最主要的生物是引进的蜜蜂，意大利蜜蜂。现在蜜蜂造访的植物物种被认为最初是由当地独居的短舌蜜蜂授粉的。我们的数据表明，新喀里多尼亚独特的授粉互惠系统现在正受到高度入侵的蜜蜂的建立的威胁。
The flora of New Caledonia is characterized by remarkably high species diversity, high endemicity, and an unusual abundance of archaic plant taxa. To investigate community-level pollination mutualism in this endemic ecosystem, we observed flower visitors on 99 plant species in 42 families of various types of vegetation. Among the 95 native plant species, the most dominant pollination system was melittophily (bee-pollinated, 46.3%), followed by phalaenophily (moth-pollinated, 20.0%), ornithophily (bird-pollinated, 11.6%), cantharophily (beetle-pollinated, 8.4%), myophily (fly-pollinated, 3.2%), chiropterophily (bat-pollinated, 3.2%), and anemophily (wind-pollinated, 3.2%). The prevalence of ornithophily by honeyeaters shows an ecological link to pollination mutualism in Australia. The relative dominance of phalaenophily is unique to New Caledonia, and is proposed to be related to the low diversity of the original bee fauna and the absence of long-tongued bees. Although some archaic plants maintain archaic plant-pollinator interactions, e.g., Zygogynum pollinated by micropterigid moths, or Hedycarya pollinated by thrips and staphylinid beetles, the most dominant organism observed on flowers was the introduced honey bee, Apis mellifera. The plant species now visited by honey bees are thought to have originally been pollinated by native solitary short-tongued bees. Our data suggest that the unique systems of pollination mutualism in New Caledonia are now endangered by the establishment of highly invasive honey bees.