Development of a Geographic Information Systems Mapping Tool to Measure Park Equity in Maryland

Development of a Geographic Information Systems Mapping Tool to Measure Park Equity in Maryland
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开发地理信息系统绘图工具来衡量马里兰州的公园公平

DOI:
10.1089/env.2021.0006
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
2
通讯作者:
Wilson, Sacoby
Wilson, Sacoby
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bara, Samuel R.;Ejedoghaobi, Uchechukwu;Archer, Jan-Michael J.;Adegun, Aliyah;Han, Ruibo;Stewart, Kathleen;Wilson, Sacoby

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2008年,马里兰州自然资源部(MDNR)开发了马里兰州公园公平性评估工具,以可视化全州公园的社会环境分布,并评估哪里的资源投资最能增强居民获得绿地的机会。这是马里兰州(MD)的第一个此类工具,代表着环境正义(EJ)决策的重要进步。2018年,MDNR与作者合作,更新了该工具的基本模型,以识别公园公平程度较低的社区,并改进该工具的整体功能和设计。更新后的工具根据以下九个因素对马里兰州的人口普查区组(CBGs)进行评分:人口密度、家庭和社区的集中度、联邦贫困线的185%、18岁以下儿童的集中度、65岁以上成年人的集中度、非白人家庭的集中度、到公共公园的距离、到公共交通的距离、可步行和语言隔离。本文提供了有关用于为每个CBG分配园区权益分数的指标和公式的详细信息和基本原理。对新增的用户驱动功能的细节也进行了描述。最后,我们通过一个郊区EJ社区的案例研究,展示了该工具在区域规划和决策支持方面的实用性。该工具可在https://dnr.maryland.gov/Pages/ParkEquity.aspx.上访问
In 2008, the Maryland Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) developed the Maryland Park Equity Assessment Tool to visualize the socioenvironmental distribution of parks across the state and assess where resource investments would most enhance residents' access to green space. This tool, the first of its kind in Maryland (MD), represents an important advancement in environmental justice (EJ) decision making. In 2018, MDNR partnered with the authors to update the tool's rudimentary model for identifying communities with low park equity and to improve the tool's overall function and design. The updated tool scores census block groups (CBGs) in MD based on the following nine factors: population density, concentration of households <185% of the federal poverty line, concentration of children under the age of 18 years, concentration of adults 65+, concentration of non-White households, distance to public park space, distance to public transportation, and walkability, and linguistic isolation. This article provides details and rationale regarding the indicators and formula used to assign park equity scores to each CBG. The details of added user-driven functions are also described. Finally, we demonstrate the tool's utility for regional planning and decision support with a case study in a suburban EJ community. The tool can be accessed at https://dnr.maryland.gov/Pages/ParkEquity.aspx.
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