Signed words in the congenitally deaf evoke typical late lexicosemantic responses with no early visual responses in left superior temporal cortex.
Signed words in the congenitally deaf evoke typical late lexicosemantic responses with no early visual responses in left superior temporal cortex.
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.1002-12.2012
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发表时间：
2012-07-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Halgren E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Leonard MK;Ferjan Ramirez N;Torres C;Travis KE;Hatrak M;Mayberry RI;Halgren E
先天性耳聋的人很少或根本没有听觉输入，当他们由聋人父母抚养长大时，他们将手语作为母语和主要语言。我们提出了两个关于人类失聪大脑如何适应感觉剥夺的问题：（1）是否使用与听力正常个体相同的经典左半球额颞叶网络从符号中提取和整合意义？（2）在失聪中，包含初级和次级听觉区域的上级颞叶皮层是否在短时间内重组以接收和处理视觉感官信息？使用脑磁图（MEG）的限制与磁共振成像（MRI）获得的个人皮层解剖，我们研究了与感觉处理和词汇语义整合相关的早期时间窗口和晚期时间窗口。我们发现，聋人的符号和听力正常人的言语在词汇语义加工过程中激活了一个高度相似的左额颞叶网络（包括听觉皮层周围的上级颞区），但只有听力正常人的言语在感觉加工过程中激活了听觉区域。因此，专门处理高级语言信息的神经系统被用于处理语言，而不管模态或听力状态如何，我们没有发现从视觉系统到听觉皮层的传入连接重新布线的证据。
Congenitally deaf individuals receive little or no auditory input, and when raised by deaf parents, they acquire sign as their native and primary language. We asked two questions regarding how the deaf brain in humans adapts to sensory deprivation: (1) Is meaning extracted and integrated from signs using the same classical left hemisphere fronto-temporal network used for speech in hearing individuals, and (2) in deafness, is superior temporal cortex encompassing primary and secondary auditory regions reorganized to receive and process visual sensory information at short latencies? Using magnetoencephalography (MEG) constrained by individual cortical anatomy obtained with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we examined an early time window associated with sensory processing and a late time window associated with lexico-semantic integration. We found that sign in deaf individuals and speech in hearing individuals activate a highly similar left fronto-temporal network (including superior temporal regions surrounding auditory cortex) during lexico-semantic processing, but only speech in hearing individuals activates auditory regions during sensory processing. Thus, neural systems dedicated to processing high-level linguistic information are utilized for processing language regardless of modality or hearing status, and we do not find evidence for re-wiring of afferent connections from visual systems to auditory cortex.