Pre-pottery farmers on the Pacific coast of southern Mexico
Pre-pottery farmers on the Pacific coast of southern Mexico
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jas.2010.07.035
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发表时间：
2010-12-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Culleton, Brendan J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kennett, Douglas J.;Piperno, Dolores R.;Culleton, Brendan J.
沿着墨西哥南部海岸的大型岛屿状贝壳丘是中美洲太平洋边缘已知最早的考古遗址。这些陶瓷沉积物可以追溯到距今7500至3800 cal BP之间，被解释为生活在沿海平原其他地方的季节性觅食者采集贝类和其他河口资源的地点。根据来自中美洲、中美洲南部和南美洲低地新热带地区其他地方的古生态数据的积累，我们提出并提供了另一种生存模式的第一个测试：该地区的古代人是刀耕火种的农民。在6500 cal BP的沉积记录中首次出现了与宏观木炭和森林扰动植物类群有关的燃烧玉米植物岩。在6500 ~ 4700 cal BP之间的宏观木炭记录中，与农业活动相一致的周期性燃烧和森林干扰也很明显。花粉、植物岩和木炭记录都表明，在距今4700至3800 cal BP之间存在持续燃烧、森林扰动和玉米种植。这些数据表明，在采用陶器和早期形成时期村庄的扩散之前，在大约3800 cal BP之后，人们就开始了刀耕火种的农业。(C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
Large island-like shell mounds along the southern coast of Mexico are the earliest known archaeological sites on the Pacific margin of Mesoamerica. These aceramic deposits date to between 7500 and 3800 cal BP and have been interpreted as locations where foragers, living elsewhere seasonally on the coastal plain, harvested shellfish and other estuarine resources. Based on an accumulation of paleo-ecological data from elsewhere in the lowland Neotropics of Mesoamerica, southern Central America and South America we pose and provide a first test of an alternative subsistence model: that the Archaic Period populations in this area were slash and burn farmers. Burned maize phytoliths first appear in these sedimentary records at 6500 cal BP in association with macroscopic charcoal and forest disturbance plant taxa. Periodic burning and forest disturbance, consistent with farming activities, are also evident in the macroscopic charcoal record between 6500 and 4700 cal BP. Pollen, phytolith and charcoal records all point to sustained burning, forest disturbance and the cultivation of maize between 4700 and 3800 cal BP. These data suggest that people were slash and burn farming during the Archaic Period prior to the adoption of pottery and the proliferation of Early Formative Period villages and full-fledged agriculture based on near or total reliance on crop plants after similar to 3800 cal BP. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.