Generating novel plant genetic variation via genome editing to escape the breeding lottery
Generating novel plant genetic variation via genome editing to escape the breeding lottery
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s11627-021-10213-0
复制
发表时间：
2021-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Nathaniel Schleif;S. Kaeppler;H. Kaeppler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nathaniel Schleif;S. Kaeppler;H. Kaeppler
植物育种依赖于遗传变异的存在，遗传变异是由作用于现有基因库的随机诱变过程产生的。然后，这种变异以受局部常染色质和异染色质环境影响的频率重组成新的形式。其结果是一个遗传彩票，植物育种家面临越来越低的几率产生一个“获胜”的植物基因型。基因组编辑工具能够对基因组进行靶向操作，提供了一种增加遗传变异的手段，并提高了植物育种成功的机会。编辑可以以靶向方式应用，其中可以通过缺失或插入将提高性能的已知遗传变异直接引入感兴趣的品系中。这使得传统上困难的方法，如新的驯化和野生种质的基因渗入到种质库。此外，更广泛的编辑介导的方法，如重组增强和靶向随机诱变，为植物育种工具箱带来了新的变异创造方法。需要继续开发和应用植物基因组编辑工具，以帮助满足关键的全球作物改良需求。
Plant breeding relies on the presence of genetic variation, which is generated by a random process of mutagenesis that acts on existing gene pools. This variation is then recombined into new forms at frequencies impacted by the local euchromatin and heterochromatin environment. The result is a genetic lottery where plant breeders face increasingly low odds of generating a “winning” plant genotype. Genome editing tools enable targeted manipulation of the genome, providing a means to increase genetic variation and enhancing the chances for plant breeding success. Editing can be applied in a targeted way, where known genetic variation that improves performance can be directly brought into lines of interest through either deletion or insertion. This empowers approaches that are traditionally difficult such as novel domestication and introgression of wild accessions into a germplasm pool. Furthermore, broader editing-mediated approaches such as recombination enhancement and targeted random mutagenesis bring novel ways of variation creation to the plant breeding toolbox. Continued development and application of plant genome editing tools will be needed to aid in meeting critical global crop improvement needs.