Offline memory consolidation during waking rest
Offline memory consolidation during waking rest
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DOI：
10.1038/s44159-022-00072-w
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发表时间：
2022-06
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
E. Wamsley
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文献类型：
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作者：
E. Wamsley
人们大约有一半醒着的时间处于所谓的离线状态--做白日梦、走神或对周围环境漠不关心。这些活动通常被认为是在浪费时间，或许是工作效率下降的时刻。然而，离线清醒休息的时间可以促进新形成的记忆的巩固。即使闭上眼睛休息几分钟也能改善记忆力，其程度可能与一整晚的睡眠相同。这些发现对于理解记忆巩固过程、其时间进程及其潜在机制具有深远的意义。在这篇综述中，我描述了离线清醒休息对记忆有追溯作用的证据。与睡眠的有益效果类似，休息的效果可能是通过神经级重新激活新形成的记忆痕迹来驱动的。由于休息和睡眠似乎都支持巩固，我接下来考虑这两种状态是否支持相同或分离的巩固阶段。然后，我回顾了一些证据，证明全天都有几秒钟长的离线休息，即使是这些超短的离线休息也可能有益于记忆。最后，我描述了睡眠和清醒状态潜在过程研究的未来方向。
People spend approximately half of their waking hours in a so-called offline state — daydreaming, mind wandering or otherwise inattentive to their surroundings. These activities are often viewed as a waste of time, perhaps as moments of lost productivity. However, periods of offline waking rest can facilitate the consolidation of newly formed memories. Even a few minutes of rest with closed eyes can improve memory, perhaps to the same degree as a full night of sleep. These findings have profound implications for understanding the memory consolidation process, its time course and its underlying mechanisms. In this Review, I describe evidence that offline waking rest retroactively facilitates memory. Similar to the beneficial effect of sleep, the effect of rest might be driven by neural-level reactivation of newly formed memory traces. As both rest and sleep seem to support consolidation, I next consider whether these two states support the same or dissociable stages of consolidation. Then I review evidence that seconds-long bouts of offline rest occur throughout the day and that even these ultrashort offline periods might benefit memory. Finally, I conclude by describing future directions for research into the underlying processes of sleep and wake states.