Local Translation in Growth Cones and Presynapses, Two Axonal Compartments for Local Neuronal Functions
Local Translation in Growth Cones and Presynapses, Two Axonal Compartments for Local Neuronal Functions
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DOI：
10.3390/biom10050668
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发表时间：
2020-04
期刊：
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Y. Sasaki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Y. Sasaki
在神经发育过程中，生长锥（轴突尖端非常活跃的区室）引导轴突延伸到正确的目标。随后，突触前（另一个具有突触小泡活跃运输的轴突区室）出现，与突触后形成功能性突触。为了响应细胞外刺激，通过在这两个远离细胞体的轴突区室中进行局部翻译来立即供应蛋白质，赋予了生长锥的高运动性和突触前活跃的囊泡运输。尽管与细胞体甚至树突相比，生长锥和突触前的局部翻译发生在非常低的水平，但通过这些区室的亚细胞分级的组学和可视化技术的最新进展揭示了这两个轴突区室中局部翻译的实际情况。在此，对生长锥和突触前局部蛋白质合成对轴突和突触功能的越来越多的证据进行了综述。此外，还强调了这两个区室中调节局部翻译的机制以及由局部翻译失调引起的病理生理状况。
During neural development, growth cones, very motile compartments of tips of axons, lead axonal extension to the correct targets. Subsequently, presynapses, another axonal compartment with vigorous trafficking of synaptic vesicles, emerge to form functional synapses with postsynapses. In response to extracellular stimuli, the immediate supply of proteins by local translation within these two axonal compartments far from cell bodies confers high motility of growth cones and active vesicle trafficking in presynapses. Although local translation in growth cones and presynapses occurs at a very low level compared with cell bodies and even dendrites, recent progress in omics and visualization techniques with subcellular fractionation of these compartments has revealed the actual situation of local translation within these two axonal compartments. Here, the increasing evidence for local protein synthesis in growth cones and presynapses for axonal and synaptic functions has been reviewed. Furthermore, the mechanisms regulating local translation in these two compartments and pathophysiological conditions caused by dysregulated local translation are highlighted.