Occupational stress, job characteristics, coping, and the mental health of nurses
Occupational stress, job characteristics, coping, and the mental health of nurses
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DOI：
10.1111/j.2044-8287.2011.02051.x
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发表时间：
2012-09-01
影响因子：
7.9
通讯作者：
Smith, A. P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mark, G.;Smith, A. P.
目标.本研究旨在探讨护士工作特征与应对方式对焦虑、抑郁水平的预测作用。本研究以现有的职业压力理论为基础，预测因素包括工作要求、社会支持、决策权和技能自由裁量权控制、努力、过度承诺、奖励和应对方式。工作要求、外在努力、过度承诺和消极应对行为与抑郁和焦虑呈正相关，社会支持、奖励、决策权威、技能自主控制和积极应对与抑郁和焦虑呈负相关。方法.参与者是870名护士，他们回复了随机发送给英格兰南部4,000名护士的批量邮件。结果结果表明，工作要求，外在努力和过度承诺与较高水平的焦虑和抑郁。社会支持、奖励和技能自由裁量权与心理健康问题呈负相关。变量之间几乎没有相互作用。应对行为显著增加了对焦虑和抑郁结果方差的解释，超过了对需求控制支持和努力回报因素的使用。结论本研究的结果证实了应对因素在工作压力研究中的重要性，符合交易性压力模型的多因素前提。有人认为，需要多因素的研究，以帮助制定有效的组织干预措施。
Objectives. This study investigated the relationships between job characteristics and coping in predicting levels of anxiety and depression in nurses. The study was based on current theories of occupational stress, and predictors included job demands, social support, decision authority and skill discretion control, effort, over-commitment, rewards, and ways of coping. It was predicted that job demands, extrinsic effort, over-commitment, and negative coping behaviours would be positively associated with depression and anxiety, and social support, rewards, decision authority, skill discretion control, and positive coping would be negatively associated with depression and anxiety. Methods. Participants were 870 nurses, who responded to a bulk mail sent randomly to 4,000 nurses from the south of England. Results. The results showed that job demands, extrinsic effort, and over-commitment were associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression. Social support, rewards, and skill discretion were negatively associated with mental health problems. Few interactions were found between the variables. Coping behaviours significantly added to the explanation of variance in anxiety and depression outcomes, over and above the use of demandcontrolsupport, and effortreward factors alone. Conclusion. The results from the study demonstrated the importance of coping factors in work-stress research, in accordance with the multi-factorial premise of transactional stress models. It is argued that multi-factor research is needed to help develop effective organizational interventions.