Fabrication and Assessment of 3D Printed Anatomical Models of the Lower Limb for Anatomical Teaching and Femoral Vessel Access Training in Medicine
Fabrication and Assessment of 3D Printed Anatomical Models of the Lower Limb for Anatomical Teaching and Femoral Vessel Access Training in Medicine
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/ase.1538
复制
发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Jones, James F. X.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
O'Reilly, Michael K.;Reese, Sven;Jones, James F. X.
几个世纪以来，尸体解剖一直是解剖学教育的试金石。它为医学生提供了与他或她的第一个病人的亲密接触。与理想化的工匠解剖模型相比，它以精细的细节呈现了解剖结构的自然变化。然而，最近出现了一种新的教学结构，其中通过患者特定放射数据集的三维（3D）打印来制造人造尸体。在本文中，一种简单的粉末打印机变得更加通用，可以制造硬骨、硅胶肌肉和可灌注血管。该方法涉及将现代方法（3D 打印）与更古老的方法（铸造和失蜡技术）相结合。这些解剖学上精确的模型可以增强解剖学教学方法，从解剖到合成与嵌入式稀土磁体结合在一起的 3D 打印部件。通过应用泵和人造血液可以进行血管模拟。由此产生的动脉和静脉可以被插管并通过多普勒超声成像。在某些方面，3D打印解剖学优于旧的教学方法，因为部件便宜、可扩展、可以覆盖整个年龄跨度、可以解剖和重新组装、数据文件可以在世界任何地方打印并批量生产。解剖多样性可以作为数字存储库进行整理并重印，而不是等待罕见的变异出现在解剖室中。据预测，21世纪初，当聚合材料打印完善时，3D打印将彻底改变解剖学。 (C) 2015 年美国解剖学家协会。
For centuries, cadaveric dissection has been the touchstone of anatomy education. It offers a medical student intimate access to his or her first patient. In contrast to idealized artisan anatomical models, it presents the natural variation of anatomy in fine detail. However, a new teaching construct has appeared recently in which artificial cadavers are manufactured through three-dimensional (3D) printing of patient specific radiological data sets. In this article, a simple powder based printer is made more versatile to manufacture hard bones, silicone muscles and perfusable blood vessels. The approach involves blending modern approaches (3D printing) with more ancient ones (casting and lost-wax techniques). These anatomically accurate models can augment the approach to anatomy teaching from dissection to synthesis of 3D-printed parts held together with embedded rare earth magnets. Vascular simulation is possible through application of pumps and artificial blood. The resulting arteries and veins can be cannulated and imaged with Doppler ultrasound. In some respects, 3D-printed anatomy is superior to older teaching methods because the parts are cheap, scalable, they can cover the entire age span, they can be both dissected and reassembled and the data files can be printed anywhere in the world and mass produced. Anatomical diversity can be collated as a digital repository and reprinted rather than waiting for the rare variant to appear in the dissection room. It is predicted that 3D printing will revolutionize anatomy when poly-material printing is perfected in the early 21st century. (C) 2015 American Association of Anatomists.