Phylogenetic niche conservatism, phylogenetic signal and the relationship between phylogenetic relatedness and ecological similarity among species
Phylogenetic niche conservatism, phylogenetic signal and the relationship between phylogenetic relatedness and ecological similarity among species
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01229.x
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发表时间：
2008-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Losos, Jonathan B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Losos, Jonathan B.
生态学家越来越多地采用进化论的观点，近年来，密切相关的物种在生态上相似的观点已经广泛传播。在这方面，系统发育信号必须与系统发育生态位保守主义区分开来。当密切相关的物种在生态上更加相似时，系统发育生态位保守主义就会产生，这取决于它们的系统发育关系。它的发生表明某些过程正在限制密切相关的物种之间的分化。相比之下，系统发育信号是指物种之间的生态相似性与系统发育相关性相关的情况；这是布朗运动分歧的预期结果，因此是系统发育生态位保守性存在的必要但不充分的证据。尽管许多工作人员认为系统发育生态位保守主义很常见，但对案例研究的回顾表明，生态和系统发育的相似性通常并不相关。因此，生态学家不应假设系统发育生态位保守主义存在，而应凭经验检验其发生的程度。
Ecologists are increasingly adopting an evolutionary perspective, and in recent years, the idea that closely related species are ecologically similar has become widespread. In this regard, phylogenetic signal must be distinguished from phylogenetic niche conservatism. Phylogenetic niche conservatism results when closely related species are more ecologically similar that would be expected based on their phylogenetic relationships; its occurrence suggests that some process is constraining divergence among closely related species. In contrast, phylogenetic signal refers to the situation in which ecological similarity between species is related to phylogenetic relatedness; this is the expected outcome of Brownian motion divergence and thus is necessary, but not sufficient, evidence for the existence of phylogenetic niche conservatism. Although many workers consider phylogenetic niche conservatism to be common, a review of case studies indicates that ecological and phylogenetic similarities often are not related. Consequently, ecologists should not assume that phylogenetic niche conservatism exists, but rather should empirically examine the extent to which it occurs.