Mutual synchronization of eyeblinks between dogs/cats and humans.
Mutual synchronization of eyeblinks between dogs/cats and humans.
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DOI：
10.1093/cz/zoab045
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发表时间：
2022-04
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Kikusui T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Koyasu H;Goto R;Takagi S;Nagasawa M;Nakano T;Kikusui T
在人类智人中，眨眼在交流中起着重要作用。眨眼是同步的2个人之间的谈话过程中，与上下文之间的共享休息，这表明眨眼同步可以促进共享的节奏在2个人之间的通信。在患有自闭症谱系障碍的个体的情况下，其主要症状是交流受损，不存在眨眼同步（中野和Kitazawa 2010;中野等人2011）。因此，眨眼同步可能发生在2个能够有效沟通的个体中。此外，眨眼同步与大脑右额下回的活动同步程度相关（Koike et al. 2016）。这表明，基于相似的大脑活动，与伴侣处于相同的生理状态可以促进相互理解。眨眼的同步导致人类的有效沟通。最近，已经证明眨眼在非人类灵长类动物中具有社会功能（Tada et al. 2013; Ballesta et al. 2016）。也有人提出，狗Canis familiaris和猫Felis silvestris卡图斯使用眨眼作为与人类的交流信号（Kuhne et al. 2012; Koyasu and Nagasawa 2019）。例如，Humphrey等人报告称，当人类观察者眨眼时，猫的接近行为会增加（Humphrey等人，2020）。虽然他们在行为测试中没有报告眨眼同步，但猫和人类之间的同步眨眼可能有助于接近行为。在这项研究中，狗/猫和人类之间的眨眼的时间关系进行了分析。人类有5个凝视互动1分钟的狗或猫。狗/猫和人类的眨眼被记录在凝视互动过程中，我们调查了当人眨眼之前和之后的狗/猫眨眼。研究了从属关系的影响，以探讨眨眼同步是否与人类和狗/猫之间的从属关系有关。我们预测，狗/猫和他们的主人，谁可以有效地沟通之间会观察到眨眼同步。26只狗和24只猫参与了这项研究。我们排除了缺乏适当记录的情况，包括超过30%的实验镜头没有捕捉到狗或猫或人类的眼睛的情况，以及由于狗或猫的压力状态而中断实验的情况。我们使用7对犬和人以及10对猫和人进行分析（补充表S1）。详细方法见补充材料。在测试期间，人类的眨眼率为28.994 ± 12.814 bpm（平均6 SD）。犬的眨眼率为6.529 6 3.752 bpm，猫的眨眼率为4.103 6 2.695 bpm（补充表S2）。作为眨眼时间分析的结果，在狗或猫眨眼之前和之后的某些时间窗口，人眨眼的频率较高（图1）。关于每个图中狗/猫眨眼后的人类眨眼频率（指示正时间窗），在狗的情况下，主人的眨眼频率较高，为0.00-0.25 s（图1A; P <0.001）。类似地，在猫的情况下，主人的眨眼频率很高，在0.00-0.25秒、0.25-0.50秒和0.50-0.75秒（图1C;分别为P< 0.001、P <0.002、P< 0.001）。此外，陌生人的眨眼频率很高，在0.50-0.75秒，在狗的情况下（图1B; P <0.014）。在猫的情况下，陌生人的眨眼频率很高，在1.00-1.25秒（图1D; P< 0.001）。主人眨眼的频率很高，紧接着两只狗眨眼...
In humans Homo sapiens, eyeblinks play an important role in communication. Blinks are synchronized between 2 individuals during conversation, with shared breaks between contexts, suggesting that blink synchronization can facilitate the sharing of a rhythm during communication between 2 individuals. In the case of individuals with autism spectrum disorder, whose major symptom is impaired communication, there is no blink synchronization (Nakano and Kitazawa 2010; Nakano et al. 2011). Therefore, blink synchronization potentially occurs in 2 individuals who can communicate effectively. In addition, blink synchronization is correlated with the degree of synchronization of activity in the right inferior frontal gyrus of the brain (Koike et al. 2016). It suggests that being in the same physiological state as one’s partner based on similar brain activity could facilitate mutual understanding. Synchronization of blinks leads to effective communication in humans. Recently, it has been demonstrated that blinks have a social function in nonhuman primates (Tada et al. 2013; Ballesta et al. 2016). It has also been suggested that dogs Canis familiaris and cats Felis silvestris catus use blinks as communication signals with humans (Kuhne et al. 2012; Koyasu and Nagasawa 2019). For example, Humphrey et al. reported that the approaching behavior of cats increased when the human observer blinked (Humphrey et al. 2020). While they did not report blink synchronization in the behavioral test, it is possible that synchronized blinks between cats and humans facilitate approach behavior. In this study, the temporal relationships of blinks between dogs/cats and humans were analyzed. The humans had 5 gaze interactions for 1 min with a dog or a cat. The blinks of dogs/cats and humans were recorded during gaze interactions, and we investigated when the human blinked before and after the dog/cat blinked. The effects of affiliation were examined to explore if blink synchronization was associated with affiliation between humans and dogs/cats. We predicted that blink synchronization would be observed between dogs/cats and their owners, who could communicate effectively. Twenty-six dogs and 24 cats participated in this study. We excluded cases that lacked proper recordings, including cases in which more than 30% of the experimental footage did not capture the eyes of dogs or cats or humans, and cases where experiments were interrupted due to stress states in the dogs or cats. We used 7 pairs of dogs and humans and 10 pairs of cats and humans for the analyses (Supplementary Table S1). Detailed methods are described in Supplementary Materials. The blink rate of humans was 28.994 6 12.814 bpm (average 6 SD) during the tests. The dog’s blink rate was 6.529 6 3.752 bpm and the cat’s blink rate was 4.103 6 2.695 bpm (Supplementary Table S2). As the results of blink temporal analyses, the frequency of human blinks was higher at certain time windows before and after the dogs or cats blinked (Figure 1). Regarding human blink frequency after dogs/cats blinked in each figure (indicating positive time window), the owners’ blink frequency was high, at 0.00–0.25 s, in the case of dogs (Figure 1A; P ¼ 0.001). Similarly, in the case of cats, the owners’ blink frequencies were high, at 0.00–0.25 s, 0.25–0.50 s, and 0.50–0.75 s (Figure 1C; P< 0.001, P ¼ 0.002, P< 0.001, respectively). Additionally, strangers’ blink frequencies were high, at 0.50–0.75 s, in the case of dogs (Figure 1B; P ¼ 0.014). In the case of cats, strangers’ blink frequencies were high, at 1.00–1.25 s (Figure 1D; P< 0.001). Owner blink frequencies were high immediately following the blinks of both dogs …
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影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Kuhne, Franziska;Hoessler, Johanna C.;Struwe, Rainer
通讯作者：
Struwe, Rainer
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Ballesta S;Mosher CP;Szep J;Fischl KD;Gothard KM
通讯作者：
Gothard KM
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Humphrey T;Proops L;Forman J;Spooner R;McComb K
通讯作者：
McComb K
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Nakano, Tamami;Kato, Nobumasa;Kitazawa, Shigeru
通讯作者：
Kitazawa, Shigeru
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Potter A;Mills DS
通讯作者：
Mills DS