SLEEP-DEPRIVATION - EFFECTS ON SLEEP AND EEG IN THE RAT
SLEEP-DEPRIVATION - EFFECTS ON SLEEP AND EEG IN THE RAT
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00663111
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发表时间：
1979-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
NEUHAUS, HU
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BORBELY, AA;NEUHAUS, HU
通过遥测连续记录未受约束大鼠的警觉状态（清醒、快速眼动（REM）睡眠和非REM（NREM）睡眠）、运动活动、摄食量和饮水量。获得遥测EEG信号的幅度测量和频率测量（每10秒的过零点（ZCR）的数量）。在对照日期间记录动物，然后通过缓慢旋转的圆筒使动物经历1 - 2小时或24小时睡眠剥夺（SD），随后记录1-2天。SD期间记录EEG参数。在对照日，NREM睡眠的脑电图振幅在12小时的光相呈下降趋势。慢波睡眠（SWS;定义为NREM睡眠分数小于40 ZCR/10 s）的发生实际上仅限于亮相的第一部分。过零带的累积图揭示了NREM睡眠中EEG频率分布的显著每日节律。12 h SD对NREM睡眠和REM睡眠的百分比影响不大，但SWS的数量和NREM睡眠的EEG振幅增加。经过24小时的SD期终止前轻发作，NREM睡眠减少和REM睡眠显着增强。快速眼动睡眠的持续时间和频率都增加了，总睡眠时间也延长了。SWS的量在24 h SD后比12 h SD后显著增加，而NREM睡眠的EEG振幅在两种SD时间表后增强到相似的程度。在黑暗开始前终止的24小时SD期后，睡眠（特别是REM睡眠）在黑暗阶段的第1小时增强，但通常的高活动发作在黑暗阶段的后期占上风。REM睡眠反弹的程度和时间过程是相似的两个24 SD计划后，而SWS反弹是不同的：SWS表现出一个阶段的反弹时，恢复开始在轻阶段，和2阶段的反弹时，恢复开始在黑暗阶段。12小时SD的影响进行了比较，通常与双圆筒旋转速率，显示只有很小的差异，表明强迫运动是一个次要因素相比，睡眠剥夺。对照日SWS的每日模式以及SD后SWS的显著增加与其他动物和人体研究的结果一致。由于强度维度的存在，NREM睡眠明显地在其基线水平附近被精细地调节，并且可以容易地和准确地调节以适应当前的需要，而REM睡眠缺乏明显的强度梯度，被调节在显著低于基线的水平附近。与非快速眼动睡眠相反，快速眼动睡眠的补偿只能通过增加这种状态的时间来实现，从而减少了其他活动的时间。
The vigilance states (waking, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-REM (NREM) sleep), motor activity, food intake and water intake were continuously recorded by telemetry in unrestrained rats. An amplitude measure and a frequency measure (number of zero-crossings (ZCR) per 10 s) of the telemetered EEG signal was obtained. The animals were recorded during a control day, then subjected to 12 h or 24 h sleep-deprivation (SD) by means of a slowly rotating cylinder and subsequently recorded for 1-2 days. EEG parameters were recorded during SD. On the control day, the EEG amplitude of NREM sleep exhibited a decreasing trend in the 12 h light-phase. The occurence of slow wave sleep (SWS; defined as the NREM sleep fraction with less than 40 ZCR/10 s) was practically limited to the 1st part of the light-phase. Cumulative plots of the zero-crossing bands revealed a prominent daily rhythm in the EEG frequency distribution within NREM sleep. The percentage of NREM sleep and REM sleep was little affected by the 12 h SD, but the amount of SWS and the EEG amplitude of NREM sleep were increased. After a 24 h SD period terminating before light-onset, NREM sleep was reduced and REM-sleep was markedly enhanced. Both the duration and frequency of REM sleep episodes were increased and episodes of total sleep prolonged. The amount of SWS was significantly more increased after 24 h SD than after 12 h SD, whereas the EEG amplitude of NREM sleep was enhanced to a similar extent after both SD schedules. After a 24 h SD period terminating before dark-onset, sleep (particularly REM sleep) was enhanced in the 1st hours of the dark-phase, yet the usual high activity bouts prevailed in the later part of the dark-phase. The extent and time-course of REM-sleep rebound was similar after the two 24 SD schedules, whereas SWS rebound was different: SWS exhibited a 1 stage rebound when recovery started in the light-phase, and a 2 stage rebound when recovery started in the dark-phase. A comparison of the effects of 12 h SD performed with the usual and with the double cylinder rotation rate, showed only small differences, indicating that forced locomotion was a minor factor in comparison to sleep-deprivation. The daily pattern of SWS on control days, and the marked increase of SWS after SD correspond to the results from other animal and human studies. Due to the existence of an intensity dimension, NREM-sleep apparently is finely regulated around its baseline level and may be readily and accurately adjusted to current needs, whereas REM sleep, lacking an apparent intensity gradient, is regulated around a level which is considerably below baseline. In contrast to NREM sleep, REM sleep compensation can occur only by an increase in the time devoted to this state, thereby curtailing the time available for other activities.